Technological and microstructural characterization of mortars and plasters from the Roman site of Qasr Azraq, in Jordan

Tenconi, Marta; Karatasios, Ioannis; Balaawi, Fadi; Kilikoglou, Vassilis

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2018.03.005

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This volume ratio corresponds with the 1:4 weight ratio commonly used in preparation of lime and cement–lime renders in research and practice [ 22 , 23 ]. This binder to aggregate ratio was also well documented in historical masonry [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Similar dosage of the blended binders and particular aggregates was then followed in CLM2 and LGM plasters.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties

et al. 2021

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Three types of lightweight plasters for building repair were prepared and tested. The composition of plasters was designed in respect to their compatibility with materials used in the past in historical masonry. For the hardened plasters, detailed testing of microstructural and macrostructural parameters was realized together with the broad experimental campaign focused on the assessment of mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties. As the researched plasters should find use in salt-laden masonry, specific attention was paid to the testing of their durability against salt crystallization. The mechanical resistance, porosity, water vapor transmission properties, and water transport parameters of all the researched plasters safely met criteria of WTA directive 2-9-04/D and standard EN 998-1 imposed on repair mortars. Moreover, the tested materials were ranked as lightweight plasters and due to their low thermal conductivity they can be used for the improvement of thermal performance of repaired masonry. The salt crystallization test caused little or no damage of the plasters, which was due to their high porosity that provided free space for salt crystallization. The developed plasters can be recommended for application in repair of damp and salt masonry and due to their compatible composition also in historical, culture heritage buildings. The added value of plasters is also their good thermal insulation performance.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties

et al. 2021

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“…Various kinds of mortars and plasters have been utilized all over the world from ancient times to modern days. In this sense, over time, their composition and in particular binder components have changed, from clearly natural materials, often represented by clays [1,2,3], to traditional binders, such as air lime [4,5,6,7], natural hydraulic lime [8,9,10,11,12], and their combination with natural or/and artificial pozzolans (diatomaceous earth, tuffs, zeolite, pumice, etc.) [13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

et al. 2019

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In this paper, crushed lava granulate was used as full silica sand replacement in composition of repair mortars based on hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, or cement-lime binder. Lava granules were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution of both silica and lava aggregates was assessed using standard sieve analysis. Hygrothermal function of the developed lightweight materials was characterized by the measurement of complete set of hygric, thermal, and structural parameters of the hardened mortar samples that were tested for both 28 days and 90 days cured specimens. As the repair mortars must also meet requirements on mechanical performance, their compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic Young’s modulus were tested. The newly developed mortars composed of lava aggregate and hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime met technical, functional, compatibility, and performance criteria on masonry and rendering materials, and were found well applicable for repair of historically valuable buildings.

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“…The binder-to-aggregate volume ratio was 1:1.15 and was similar for all studied mortars. This corresponds with the 1:4 weight ratio commonly used in preparation of lime and cement-lime rendering mortars in practice, and has also been well documented in historical masonry [43][44][45][46]. The dosage of mixing water was adjusted to maintain the normal consistency of fresh mortar with the flow value of (160 ± 5) mm, measured using the flow table test according to the standard EN 1015-3 [47].…”

Section: Composition Of Examined Renders and Base Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite Lightweight Repair Renders: Effect of Binder Type on Properties and Salt Crystallization Resistance

et al. 2021

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Rendering mortars with lightweight zeolite aggregates were designed and tested. The effect of the type of binder used was also researched. For the hardened mortars, macrostructural parameters, mechanical characteristics, hygric and thermal properties were assessed. Specific attention was paid to the analysis of the salt crystallization resistance of the developed rendering mortars. Quartz sand was fully replaced in the composition of mortars with zeolite gave materials with low density, high porosity, sufficient mechanical strength, high water vapor permeability and high water absorption coefficient, which are technical parameters required for repair rendering mortars as prescribed in the WTA directive 2-9-04/D and EN 998-1. Moreover, the zeolite enhanced mortars exhibit good thermal insulation performance and high sorption capacity. The examined rendering mortars were found to be well durable against salt crystallization, which supports their applicability in salt-laden masonry. Based on the compatibility of the repair materials with those originally used, the lime and natural hydraulic lime zeolite mortars can be used as rendering mortars for the repair of historical and heritage buildings. The cement-lime zeolite render is applicable for repair purposes only in the case of the renewal of masonry in which Portland cement-based materials were originally used.

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Technological and microstructural characterization of mortars and plasters from the Roman site of Qasr Azraq, in Jordan

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties

Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

Zeolite Lightweight Repair Renders: Effect of Binder Type on Properties and Salt Crystallization Resistance

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