Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

Abstract

In this paper, crushed lava granulate was used as full silica sand replacement in composition of repair mortars based on hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, or cement-lime binder. Lava granules were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution of both silica and lava aggregates was assessed using standard sieve analysis. Hygrothermal function of the developed lightweight materials was characterized by the measurement of complete set of hygric, thermal, and structural parameters of the hardened mortar samples that were tested for both 28 days and 90 days cured specimens. As the repair mortars must also meet requirements on mechanical performance, their compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic Young’s modulus were tested. The newly developed mortars composed of lava aggregate and hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime met technical, functional, compatibility, and performance criteria on masonry and rendering materials, and were found well applicable for repair of historically valuable buildings.

Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings

“…For all the proposed materials, was also observed a decrease in the capillary water adsorption coefficient. Similar approaches were published by Moropoulou et al [116] (using several pozzolanic additives), Andrejkovičová et al [117] (using palygorskite and metakaolin), Ventolà et al [118] (using commercial phase changing materials), Rosato et al [119] (using commercial cellulose nano-fibrils), Gour et al [120] (using natural polymers) or Pavlík et al [121] (using crushed lava granulates). However, regarding the reconstruction/consolidation mortars, the best approach, in our opinion, is the one presented by Stefanidou et al [122], respectively designing the mortars according to the nature of the natural stone (in the cases presented by the authors marl limestone, nummulitic limestone, marble, biogenic calcitic sandstones), and as, often as possible, reclaiming local materials.…”

Synthesis, Structure, and Thermal Stability of Magnesium Oxychloride 5Mg(OH)2∙MgCl2∙8H2O

“…The combined expanded uncertainty of this measurement was 1.2%. From the bulk density and specific density data, the porosity ψ was calculated as introduced, e.g., in Reference [28]. The expanded combined uncertainty of the total open porosity test was 1.8%.…”

Monitoring of Thermal and Moisture Processes in Various Types of External Historical Walls

“…When considering the subject of the additional thermal insulation of historical masonry walls from the inside aspects of this issue, presented in [26][27][28][29][30][31] have been taken into account. The problem of internal thermal insulation using a capillary active mineral plate or block systems is barely described in the literature, especially when it comes to the protection of external surfaces against moisture.…”