Technological and environmental challenges of Arctic shipping—a case study of a fictional voyage in the Arctic

Numerical study of icebreaking process with two different bow shapes based on developed particle method in parallel scheme

“…With increased shipping activities, scientific investigation, resource exploitation, and military application value in arctic regions, the demand for high-performance ice-going ships rises accordingly (Gao and Erokhin, 2020;Larsen et al, 2016;Skripnuk et al, 2020). The icebreaker is a special-purpose ship designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters and provides safe waterways for other ice-going ships.…”