An overview of the legal search and rescue framework and related infrastructure along the Arctic Northeast Passage

Christodoulou, Anastasia; Dalaklis, Dimitrios; Raneri, Peter; Sheehan, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.104985

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, sailing in the Arctic involves numerous inherent risks. A large combination of hazards, linked to harsh climate conditions, icebergs, ice presence and thickness during most of the year, very low temperatures, shallow waters, poor visibility, lack of up-to-date charts (Pastusiak, 2015), remoteness (Fedi et al, 2020a), the scarcity of navigational aids and SAR infrastructures (Christodoulou et al, 2022;Bentz et al, 2021;Parviainen et al, 2019;SARC, 2017) represent huge challenges for ships, crew (Montewka et al, 2015) and local communities (Afenyo et al, 2022). Significant investments have been recently made in port development and icebreaker fleet renewal to improve the safety response system (Gritensko & Efimova, 2017;Moe & Brigham, 2017).…”

Section: Nep Flows Risk Models and Mitigation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ports are not accessible year-round; few railways connect them to the rest of the country and flying is the main valid means of transportation. New SAR are established in Pevek and another in Anadyr (Christodoulou et al, 2022). These SAR centers are closed during winter (Dalaklis, 2021) and only two icebreakers are based here limiting response capacity and response time in case of emergency.…”

Section: Enhancing Response Capacity Along the Nepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For their part, classification societies have to certify the ships pursuant to the PC and states/flag states, through Port State Controls especially, must monitor this conformity as a whole. States shall also pursue their standardization processes (Benz et al, 2021) and investments in SAR resources, infrastructures (Christodoulou et al 2022;Dalaklis, 2021) in satellite-based Automated Identification System (AIS) (Aase & Jabour, 2015) or heavy equipment such as helicopters or aircrafts. More attention must be paid to FVs as regards the definition of fishing zones depending on the vessel's characteristics and crew competency.…”

Section: Towards a Holistic Risk-based Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More attention must be paid to FVs as regards the definition of fishing zones depending on the vessel's characteristics and crew competency. In addition, sustaining interstate cooperation for aeronautical and maritime SAR, oil pollution preparedness and response (Christodoulou et al, 2022) seems strategic to mitigate the aggravating consequences of marine accidents. While serious doubts exist on the Russia's collaboration in the coming years, the proposed due diligences are the prerequisites of this holistic risk-based policy.…”

Section: Towards a Holistic Risk-based Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Application of the IMO taxonomy on casualty investigation: Analysis of 20 years of marine accidents along the North-East Passage

Fedi,

Faury,

Etienne

et al. 2024

Marine Policy

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Section: Nep Flows Risk Models and Mitigation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhancing Response Capacity Along the Nepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards a Holistic Risk-based Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards a Holistic Risk-based Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of the IMO taxonomy on casualty investigation: Analysis of 20 years of marine accidents along the North-East Passage

Fedi,

Faury,

Etienne

et al. 2024

Marine Policy

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“…In Norway, responsibility for SAR services is performed collectively by various governmental agencies, volunteer organizations, and private enterprises. 86 For tourism operators, SAR can be both an obligation and a service.…”

Section: Regulation Instruments: Taxes Fees Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Svalbard Tourism: Inconsistencies and Conflicts of Interest

et al. 2023

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The Svalbard Archipelago has experienced a rapid increase in tourism-related activities over the past few decades. The Norwegian Government’s ambition to develop the Archipelago’s tourism industry offers multiple socio-economic opportunities. The development and scope of these tourism activities is affected by a complex governance system that entails strict environmental regulation and preparedness considerations. To understand the balance of goals across the national and international policy levels, we have mapped, reviewed, and analyzed the national and international regulations and agreements that affect tourism activities on Svalbard. The document analysis reveals the framework of natural and environmental consideration, access to areas and passage, requirements for organized outdoor activities, and regulatory tools. We discovered conflicts and internal inconsistencies in the way that Svalbard tourism has developed. It has been shaped by both economic growth and environmental preservation, without any specific business development objectives and goals or acceptable limits of environmental and social change in place. For tourism stakeholders, this might complicate any rational assessment of the balance between economic development and environmental status. The challenges we have identified are specific to Svalbard, but are likely to be similar in many other Arctic locations involved in tourism.

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An agent-based modelling framework for performance assessment of search and rescue operations in the Barents Sea

Ashrafi,

Kim,

Naseri

et al. 2024

Saf. Extreme Environ.

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In recent years, the increase in Arctic offshore activities has raised concerns about the search and rescue (SAR) operations as mitigative measures to ensure the safety of shipping and cruise activities. Performing SAR operations in the remote Arctic offshore environment is exceptionally challenging due to the severe environmental conditions, including low temperatures, high waves, strong winds, heavy snow showers, sea ice, spray icing, dense fog, limited visibility, and polar low pressures. Moreover, the scarcity of port infrastructure along the Arctic coastline exacerbates the difficulties faced during SAR operations. Tackling the aforementioned challenges necessitates a comprehensive modelling framework for analysis of SAR operations in the Arctic that is able to consider the dynamics and uncertain nature of Arctic harsh environmental conditions, and the constraints imposed by the limited capacity of Arctic SAR infrastructure. To this aim, this paper proposes an agent-based modelling (ABM) framework to assess the performance of SAR operations while tackling such challenges in the Arctic. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to model the dynamics and uncertainty of weather and sea conditions using historical data, using which some severity levels are determined. Expert judgement process is then used quantify the impacts of such severity levels on the performance of rescue agents, and thus, on the total rescue time. To validate the proposed framework, an illustrative case in the Norwegian Barents Sea is considered, where the performance of SAR infrastructure is examined under different rescue scenarios. According to the results of this paper, the total rescue time is the longest during December to February, and the shortest rescue time is associated with months May to August. Some recommendations are further proposed to improve the performance of SAR infrastructure in the Barents Sea.

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An overview of the legal search and rescue framework and related infrastructure along the Arctic Northeast Passage

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Application of the IMO taxonomy on casualty investigation: Analysis of 20 years of marine accidents along the North-East Passage

Application of the IMO taxonomy on casualty investigation: Analysis of 20 years of marine accidents along the North-East Passage

Managing Svalbard Tourism: Inconsistencies and Conflicts of Interest

An agent-based modelling framework for performance assessment of search and rescue operations in the Barents Sea

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