“…However, lignin particles possess even further advantages, and it is possible to achieve even better environmental metrics and sustainability scores, for example, in such applications as emulsion stabilizers, UV protection products, chelating agents, carbon nanofillers (other than carbon black), and for composite reinforcement, all of which are economically attractive. 41 Finally, these possibilities for substitution are of relatively limited market size but, as introduced in this review, other potential applications of larger scales can be considered for lignin particles, such as in thermoplastics, advanced resin composites, foams, bactericides, and others. It is apparent that, while LCA studies are available to assess the environmental impacts of lignocellulosic biorefineries, around the cellulosic and hemicellulose fractions, LCA studies on lignin, and especially lignin nanoparticles, are far less common.…”