Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries

Palencia, Juan C. González; Furubayashi, Takaaki; Nakata, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.059

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fleet-based assessments that combine LCA with a dynamic fleet model provide insights into environmental implications over time of new vehicle designs, or powertrain technologies by capturing the evolution of light-duty vehicle attributes (e.g., engine technology, size, weight) . Among the studies that used a life cycle approach to assess the fleet-scale implications of lightweighting the light-duty fleet, − only one focused on the U.S. fleet and it only looked at energy use and not GHG emissions. Das et al assessed the cumulative energy demand of lightweighting alternative powertrain vehicles with a fleet-based life cycle energy assessment of the U.S. light-duty fleet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that fleet lightweighting results in greater energy savings in conventional-vehicle dominated market scenarios compared to alternative-vehicle-dominated market scenarios . Other studies that explicitly considered the penetration of alternative powertrains along with lightweighting examined these as two distinct pathways toreduce GHG emissions or as part of their modeling, and did not evaluate interactions among these. ,, Palencia et al. , developed fleet-based models to assess different market penetrations of conventional and alternative vehicles with and without lightweighting in Colombia. They concluded that alternative powertrain penetration has a larger potential to reduce the fleet GHG emissions than lightweighting in Colombia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dynamic Fleet Model of U.S Light-Duty Vehicle Lightweighting and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from 2016 to 2050

Milovanoff

Kim

Kleine

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Substituting conventional materials with lightweight materials is an effective way to reduce the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from light-duty vehicles. However, estimated GHG emission reductions of lightweighting depend on multiple factors including the vehicle powertrain technology and efficiency, lightweight material employed, and end-of-life material recovery. We developed a fleet-based life cycle model to estimate the GHG emission changes due to lightweighting the U.S. light-duty fleet from 2016 to 2050, using either high strength steel or aluminum as the lightweight material. Our model estimates that implementation of an aggressive lightweighting scenario using aluminum reduces 2016 through 2050 cumulative life cycle GHG emissions from the fleet by 2.9 Gt CO 2 eq (5.6%), and annual emissions in 2050 by 11%. Lightweighting has the greatest GHG emission reduction potential when implemented in the near-term, with two times more reduction per kilometer traveled if implemented in 2016 rather than in 2030. Delaying implementation by 15 years sacrifices 72% (2.1 Gt CO 2 eq) of the cumulative GHG emission mitigation potential through 2050. Lightweighting is an effective solution that could provide important near-term GHG emission reductions especially during the next 10−20 years when the fleet is dominated by conventional powertrain vehicles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Fleet Model of U.S Light-Duty Vehicle Lightweighting and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from 2016 to 2050

Milovanoff

Kim

Kleine

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Overall, the market penetration of electric vehicles in developing cities is far from favorable, at least in the short term. For example, modelling estimates for Colombia predict that, even by 2050, electricity will not have surpassed gasoline in the Colombian passenger car fleet [53]. India aims to have 100,000 electric vehicles on the roads by 2020-a small share considering its population size-while China's modest target is for the annual sales of "new energy" vehicles (electric, hybrid, etc.)…”

Section: Technological Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

2015

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Abstract:Megacities have frequently received a disproportionate amount of attention over other sizes of cities in recent discourse on urban sustainability. In this article, the authors argue that a focus on smaller and medium-sized cities is crucial to achieving substantial progress towards more sustainable urban development, not only because they are home to at least a quarter of the world's population but because they also offer great potential for sustainable transformations. In principle, their size allows for flexibility in terms of urban expansion, adoption of "green" travel modes, and environmental protection. At the same time, smaller and medium-sized cities often have fewer resources to implement new transport measures and can be more vulnerable to fluctuations in the world economy. This article critically reviews the potential role and impact of nine commonly considered options for sustainable urban transport in cities in developing countries: (1) road infrastructure; (2) rail-based public transport; (3) road-based public transport; (4) support for non-motorized travel modes; (5) technological solutions; (6) awareness-raising campaigns; (7) pricing mechanisms; (8) vehicle access restrictions; and (9) control of land-uses. Drawing on international research and examples of policies to reduce the environmental impacts of transport in urban areas, this article identifies some key lessons for sustainable urban transport in smaller and medium-sized cities in developing countries. These lessons are certainly not always identical to those for megacities in the global south. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 7785

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“…37,38,44,[46][47][48][51][52][53][71][72][73][74][75][77][78][79][80]82 Similarly, others obscure the impact of each technology by analyzing vehicle fleets comprised of a range of different vehicles and technologies. 20,25,29,33,[39][40][41][42]45 ■ FUEL SAVINGS FROM LIGHTWEIGHTING VEHICLES…”

Section: ■ Overview Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Fuel Saving, Life Cycle GHG Emission, and Ownership Cost Impacts of Lightweighting Vehicles with Different Powertrains

Luk

Kim

Kleine

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The literature analyzing the fuel saving, life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and ownership cost impacts of lightweighting vehicles with different powertrains is reviewed. Vehicles with lower powertrain efficiencies have higher fuel consumption. Thus, fuel savings from lightweighting internal combustion engine vehicles can be higher than those of hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles. However, the impact of fuel savings on life cycle costs and GHG emissions depends on fuel prices, fuel carbon intensities and fuel storage requirements. Battery electric vehicle fuel savings enable reduction of battery size without sacrificing driving range. This reduces the battery production cost and mass, the latter results in further fuel savings. The carbon intensity of electricity varies widely and is a major source of uncertainty when evaluating the benefits of fuel savings. Hybrid electric vehicles use gasoline more efficiently than internal combustion engine vehicles and do not require large plug-in batteries. Therefore, the benefits of lightweighting depend on the vehicle powertrain. We discuss the value proposition of the use of lightweight materials and alternative powertrains. Future assessments of the benefits of vehicle lightweighting should capture the unique characteristics of emerging vehicle powertrains.

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Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

A Dynamic Fleet Model of U.S Light-Duty Vehicle Lightweighting and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from 2016 to 2050

A Dynamic Fleet Model of U.S Light-Duty Vehicle Lightweighting and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from 2016 to 2050

Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities

Review of the Fuel Saving, Life Cycle GHG Emission, and Ownership Cost Impacts of Lightweighting Vehicles with Different Powertrains

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