Techniques for Increasing the Resource Potential of Leached Chernozems of the Middle Volga Region

The article presents experimental material on the study of the seeding rate for various nutrition backgrounds on the development of spring soft wheat and spelt wheat, the nature of stem formation, which has an important effect on the formation of grain yield. The purpose of this work is to study the reaction of spring wheat species to the level of application of mineral fertilizers at different seeding rates in the conditions of gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field studies were carried out on the territory of Agrobiotechnopark LLC of the Kazan State Agrarian University. The material for research is spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties Ulyanovsk 105 and Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda and spelt wheat (Triticum dicoccum) varieties Srednevolzhskaya and Fleece. In 2022, meterological conditions during the growing season of spring wheat were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and temperature conditions. During the entire growing season of spring wheat, 158.9 precipitation fell (GTK-1.35). The formation of the agrocenosis of spring wheat species is mainly determined by seeding rates, as well as field germination and biological resistance of plants during the growing season. At both nutrition levels, as the seeding rate increases from 4 to 7 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the number of seedlings of both soft and spelt wheat increases. On control (natural background) soft wheat varieties Ulyanovsk 105 from 347 to 539 pcs / m2, fertilized version 344-534 pcs / m2, Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda 340-528 pcs / m2 and 336-522 pcs / m2, respectively, fertilization increased the yield of both types of wheat at all seeding rates: soft wheat varieties Ulyanovsk 105 at 4 million 0.93 tons, 5 million - 1.15 tons, 6 million - 1.17 tons and 7 million - 1.16 tons per ha. Varieties Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda 1.08; 1.1, 1.1; and 1.15 t/ha, respectively. Spelt wheat of the Srednevolzhskaya variety has 0.14; 0.34; 0.45 and 0.3 t/ha per ha. Fleece 0.37; 0.23; 0.22 and 0.35 t / ha, respectively. The highest yield of both types of spring wheat for the studied varieties in the growing season of 2022 was formed both on the control and on the fertilized version of the experiment when sowing 5 million. germinating seeds per 1 hectare.

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Productivity of Various Types of Spring Wheat Depending on the Background of Nutrition at Different Seeding Rates in the Conditions of the Pre-Kama Zone of the Republic of Tatarstan

Shaykhutdinov

Amirov

Serzhanov

et al. 2023

“…Новые высокопродуктивные сорта и гибриды различаются по биологическим особенностям. Они более адаптированы к быстро меняющимся приемам интенсификации [16,17,18].…”

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Improvement of the Technology of Cultivation of Spring Soft Wheat Variety Tulaikovskaya Nadejda on Gray Forest Soil of the Republic of Tatarstan Them

Serzhanov,

Shaykhutdinov,

Garaev

et al. 2023

The article summarizes the results of two years of experiments to study the effect of the Tulaikovskaya Nadezhda variety on the productivity of spring wheat and calculates the doses of mineral fertilizers for 3 and 4 tons of grain per 1 hectare at different densities of plant stems by changing seeding. rates from 4 to 7 million. germination of grains per hectare. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the area of crop rotation of pure fallow, winter rye, spring wheat on the experimental fields of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Land Management of the Kazan State Agrarian University, where the soil cover represents the following agrochemical data: humus content (according to Tyurin) › 3.0%, P2O5 › 250 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium › 145 mg/kg (according to Kirsanov’s extract), pH of the saline solution – 5.9. Agricultural technology for cultivating spring wheat in experiments is generally accepted in the republic, with the exception of the studied options. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of the study object in 2021 were characterized as extremely unfavorable for growth and development. The temperature and water conditions of the soil and air were extremely unfavorable. JCC (May-June 0.19-0.25). In 2022, research was carried out under conditions of sufficient humidity and temperature conditions. State Customs Committee (May-June – 1.37). Under the conditions of both 2021 and 2022, the yield of spring wheat fluctuated over a wide range depending on the nutritional background and seeding rates. On a non-winding background, according to seeding rates in 2021, from 0.87 to 0.97 t/ha, on fertilized backgrounds - 1.08-1.60 and 1.0-1.5 t/ha. In 2022 - 2.35-3.08, 4.20-4.81 and 4.70-5.22 tons per hectare, respectively. On average, the application of fertilizers with a planned grain yield of 3 t/ha gave an average increase of 1.12 t, with 4 t – 1.3 t of grain/ha. The optimal seeding rate for all fodder backgrounds turned out to be 5 million germinating grains per 1 ha. The yield under control is 2.09 tons, against background II – 3.21 and background III – 3.37 tons of grain per hectare.

“…В мире за счет использования нового сорта обеспечивается 30-40% прироста урожая, а в нашей стране -до 50-70% [7,8,9]. Это объясняется тем, что в России урожайность и качество зерна лимитируются в основном дефицитом тепла и влаги [10,11,12].…”

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Formation of the Productivity of Ecologically Plastic Spring Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Voluga Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Serzhanov

Shaykhutdinov

Garaev

et al. 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of comparative cultivation of spring wheat varieties of different breeding schools: Simbirtsit - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture; Yoldyz GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Ekada 109 - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Samara Research Institute of Agriculture; Balkysh - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Alvaris, Burlak - Penza Research Institute of Agriculture; Arhat - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture and Idelle - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. Morphostructural indicators have varietal differences. On average, over three years, such varieties as Arkhat-91 cm, Balkysh - 73 and Ekada 109-72 cm turned out to be the tallest. In other varieties, this figure ranged from 67 to 71 cm. The largest number of spikelets in an ear, as well as the number of grains in an ear was formed in varieties Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Idelle. The largest leaf area per unit area on both feeding backgrounds was formed by varieties Ekada 109 – 33,2 ... 34,1 thousand m2 / ha and Arhat – 32,8 ... 33,5 thousand m2 / ha. Over the years of research, the yield of the tested varieties, both on the fertilized variant and on the natural background of nutrition, differed sharply. The most fruitful studies over the years have identified such indicators as Ekada 109 – 3,1 ... 5,79 t per ha, Burlak – 2,31 ... 4,91 and Yoldyz – 2,54 ... 4,3 application of fertilizers. The same varieties showed the best results on a natural background of nutrition. On average, over three years, the increase from different varieties was: in the variant without fertilizers, the variety Yoldyz 0,34 t/ha, Burlak 0,44 and Ekada 109 – 0,62 t/ha compared to the standard. On the variant with fertilizers 0,64; 0,97 and 1,24 t/ha, respectively.