Techniques for Evaluating Aquatic Weed Herbicides

Persistence of endothall in aquatic environment as determined by gas-liquid chromatography

“…The herbicide endothall (7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) has been found to be effective in controlling certain submersed aquatic weeds (Frank et al, 1961;Walker, 1963). In cases where the treated water is to be consumed by humans and/or livestock or used for irrigation, it becomes imperative that we have information on the persistence of the herbicide in the aquatic environment.…”

Metabolism of endothall by aquatic microorganisms

“…The herbicide endothall [7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid] has been found to be particularly effective against certain submersed aquatic weeds (Frank et al, 1961;Walker, 1963). Presently, very little is known about the metabolism of this herbicide by aquatic microorganisms; however, a few workers have investigated its persistence in soil.…”

The Control of Water Weeds

“…In the U.S.A. Lawrence (1964) has described his classical methods with plastic pools. Descriptions of techniques have also been given by Merkle & Fertig (1963), Blackburn (1963), Frank, Otto & Bartley (1961) and Fitzgerald & Faust (1963). The European Weed Research Council (1964) has suggested experimental methods, and from Germany Schltiter (1965) and Kramer (1967) have described their wide range of laboratory tests.…”