Metabolism of endothall by aquatic microorganisms

Mc, Sikka; Saxena, Jyotisna

doi:10.1021/jf60187a034

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Endothall undergoes very little chemical degradation; volatilization, photodegradation, hydrolysis, or oxidation are not significant characteristics affecting its persistence in aquatic environments. Radiolabel studies indicate that degradation is complete, resulting in mineralization and release of endothall carbon from microorganisms and plants in the form of carbon dioxide without formation of toxic intermediate compounds (Freed and Gauditz 1961;Thomas 1966;Keckemet 1969;Sikka and Saxena 1973;Haller and Sutton 1973). Since many species of microorganisms normally present in soils and water degrade endothall, it breaks down rapidly in aquatic environments at rates directly dependent on water temperature and microbial activity (WSSA 1994).…”

Section: Fate Characteristics Of Endothallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which transformed endothall initially into citric, aspartic, and glutamic acids as well as 14 C0 2 . Conversion was via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and an alternate, unidentified pathway (Sikka and Saxena 1973). Additional work demonstrated microbial degradation of endothall in pond water, and in aquaria in the laboratory using water and hydrosoil from the same pond (Sikka and Rice 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Sprecher¹,

Getsinger²,

Sharp³

2002

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Section: Fate Characteristics Of Endothallmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Sprecher¹,

Getsinger²,

Sharp³

2002

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“…The transformation and degradation of endothall in aquatic environments is performed by microbes, particularly bacteria [26,27], and the loss of endothall by other means such as volatilization, sorption, photolysis, hydrolysis and oxidation are negligible [16,23,28]. Earlier studies suggest that provision of an environment that supports microbial growth will enhance the rate of endothall degradation [25][26][27]. Anthrobactor bacteria isolated from a lake hydrosoil have been shown to use endothall as the sole source of carbon and energy [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Facilitates Microbial Degradation of The Herbicides Endothall Monoamine Salt and Endothall Dipotassium Salt in an Aquatic Environment

Islam

Hunt

Liu

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Endothall dipotassium salt and monoamine salt are herbicide formulations used for controlling submerged aquatic macrophytes and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Microbial activity is the primary degradation pathway for endothall. To better understand what influences endothall degradation, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to 1) evaluate the effects of different water and sediment sources on degradation, and 2) determine if degradation was faster in the presence of a microbial community previously exposed to endothall. Endothall residues were determined with LC-MS at intervals to 21 days after endothall application. Two endothall isomers were detected. Isomer-1 was abundant in both endothall formulations, while isomer-2 was only abundant in the monoamine endothall formulation and was more persistent. Degradation did not occur in the absence of sediment. In the presence of sediment degradation if isomer-1 began after a lag phase of 5-11 days and was almost complete by 14 days. Onset of degradation occurred 2-4 days sooner when the microbial population was previously exposed to endothall. We provide direct evidence that the presence and characteristics of sediment are of key importance in the degradation of endothall in an aquatic environment, and that monoamine endothall has two separate isomers that have different degradation characteristics.

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“…Recently, Hydrothol 191 has been proposed for use in secondary wastewater stabilization ponds for control of algal‐ related TSS prior to and/or during discharge periods [2,11]. Hydrothol/endothall is potentially more desirable than copper sulfate, chlorine, or organic algicidal compounds as previous studies have shown that the herbicide degrades relatively rapidly and does not bioaccumulate [12–14]. However, published information on the effect of endothall, and especially the Hydrothol formulation, on algal growth and species‐specific sensitivity is minimal [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of phytoplankton photosynthesis and growth to the aquatic herbicide hydrothol 191

Ruzycki¹,

Axler²,

Owen³

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The herbicide Hydrothol 191, the amine salt of endothall, has been widely used for the control of aquatic vegetation and filamentous algae for over 30 years. Recently, it has been proposed for use in secondary wastewater stabilization ponds for control of algal-related total suspended solids (TSS) prior to and during discharge. However, published information on the effect of Hydrothol on algal growth and species-specific sensitivity is limited. We performed 96-h unialgal toxicity tests to determine effects on growth and photosynthetic activity on a number of species commonly found in these wastewater ponds. Results indicated differences in sensitivity to the herbicide between chlorophytes and cyanophytes. The 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for the blue-green Microcystis were 0.04 to 0.08 mg/L for cell growth and 0.04 to 0.22 mg/L for photosynthetic capacity; values for Phormidium were 0.05 mg/L and 0.097 mg/L for the same endpoints. The Chlorococcales greens Chlorella and Scenedesmus and the flagellated green Chlamydomonas showed much lower sensitivity to Hydrothol. The 48-h EC50 values for Chlorella were Ͼ0.60 mg/L for both cell growth and photosynthetic capacity while values for Scenedesmus were Ͼ0.60 mg/L and 0.23 mg/ L for the same parameters. The flagellate Chlamydomonas required 0.52 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L, respectively, to reduce cell density and photosynthetic capacity 50% below controls. These data suggest that reductions in the amount of Hydrothol needed to reduce algal-related TSS may be possible when the population is dominated by blue-greens that could be economically beneficial and allow for applications with reduced environmental concerns.

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Metabolism of endothall by aquatic microorganisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Sediment Facilitates Microbial Degradation of The Herbicides Endothall Monoamine Salt and Endothall Dipotassium Salt in an Aquatic Environment

Response of phytoplankton photosynthesis and growth to the aquatic herbicide hydrothol 191

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