Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Sprecher, Susan L.; Getsinger, Kurt D.; Sharp, Jan

doi:10.21236/ada403770

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Maximum shoot biomass reduction was 99% in the K-endothall study and 98% in the amineendothall study. Previous CET studies documented Kendothall applied at low rates with long exposures resulted in significant injury to sago pondweed Skogerboe and Getsinger 2002;Sprecher et al 2002), but by increasing endothall concentrations and decreasing exposures, acceptable levels of control ($ 90%) of sago pondweed can also be achieved. Results of these studies indicate that sago pondweed could be controlled with both formulations of endothall for up to 4 wk after treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Few studies have evaluated the amine-endothall formulation of endothall for controlling nuisance aquatic vegetation because of its activity on nontarget organisms (Sprecher et al 2002). However, because endothall dispersion, microbial degradation, plant uptake, and adsorption to suspended particulates in flowing waters of irrigation canals and drainage channels occurs quite rapidly, it is less likely that nontarget organisms would be affected (Hansen et al 1983;Sprecher et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because endothall dispersion, microbial degradation, plant uptake, and adsorption to suspended particulates in flowing waters of irrigation canals and drainage channels occurs quite rapidly, it is less likely that nontarget organisms would be affected (Hansen et al 1983;Sprecher et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amine-endothall is two to three times more active than the Kendothall on algae and submersed macrophytes but is more toxic to nontarget aquatic organisms (Sprecher et al 2002) and, therefore, is rarely used in natural surface waters. Kendothall is used primarily in lake and static water treatments, whereas amine-endothall is used in canal and flowing water treatments where fisheries are not an important resource (Sprecher et al 2002). For greater efficacy and cost effectiveness, both formulations have been combined to manage noxious algae (Sprecher et al 2002) and submersed macrophytes (Skogerboe et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kendothall is used primarily in lake and static water treatments, whereas amine-endothall is used in canal and flowing water treatments where fisheries are not an important resource (Sprecher et al 2002). For greater efficacy and cost effectiveness, both formulations have been combined to manage noxious algae (Sprecher et al 2002) and submersed macrophytes (Skogerboe et al 2004). Price (1969) and Corbus (1982) conducted two early studies that demonstrated the effectiveness of amine-endothall in controlling sago pondweed in irrigation canals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Concentration–Exposure Time Relationships for Controlling Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) with Endothall

Slade¹,

Poovey²,

Getsinger³

2008

Weed Technology

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The submersed macrophyte, sago pondweed, frequently grows to nuisance levels in water conveyance systems throughout the western United States and can cause problems in lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies. The liquid dipotassium and dimethylalkylamine salt formulations of endothall were evaluated for controlling sago pondweed using short exposure times (3 to 24 h) under controlled environmental conditions (14:10 h light:dark; 21.5 C). Endothall treatments ranged from 1 to 10 mg ai/L (dipotassium salt) and 0.5 to 5 mg ae/L (dimethylalkylamine salt). Sixteen concentration and exposure time (CET) combinations were evaluated in each study. At 4 wk after treatment, all CET combinations significantly reduced shoot biomass (43 to 99%) of sago pondweed compared with the untreated reference. Reduction in shoot biomass was greater in plants that received higher herbicide doses and longer exposure times. In addition, more than half of the endothall CET combinations controlled sago pondweed by at least 90%, with some providing > 98% control. At the endothall CETs evaluated, regrowth of sago pondweed could occur after 4 wk, and some level of retreatment might be required to maintain plant control throughout the growing season. Results indicate that endothall shows promise as an alternative vegetation management tool in flowing-water environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration–Exposure Time Relationships for Controlling Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) with Endothall

Slade¹,

Poovey²,

Getsinger³

2008

Weed Technology

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Endothall behavior in Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata

Ortiz

Nissen

Gray³

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Endothall has been used to control submersed aquatic plants since 1960, providing broad-spectrum control of aquatic weeds. Although endothall is considered a contact herbicide, many field observations suggest that it might have systemic activity. The goals of this research were to determine endothall's (i) absorption characteristics, (ii) translocation from shoots to roots, and (iii) potential for desorption in Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM), monoecious and dioecious hydrilla. RESULTS: Endothall absorption was linear in dioecious hydrilla up to 192 HAT, while in EWM and monoecious hydrilla absorptiondata best fit an asymptotic rise function. Endothall absorption in EWM, monoecious and dioecious hydrilla was 3.3, 6.6, and 11.0 times the external herbicide concentration determined by the plant concentration factor. Translocation to EWM roots reached 7.9% of total absorbed radioactivity by 192 HAT, while translocation to monoecious and dioecious hydrilla roots reached 17.8% and 16.4% by 192 HAT, respectively. For all three species, no more than 30% of absorbed endothall moved from the plant to clean water 96 HAT. CONCLUSION: Endothall is a very water soluble compound and yet it accumulated in these three important aquatic weeds at concentrations significantly higher than the external herbicide concentration. These data provide evidence that endothall could have systemic activity in these aquatic species. Following 14 C-endothall applications, more 14 C translocated from shoots to roots compared to the translocation of 14 C for other systemic aquatic herbicides. The final confirmation of endothall's systemic behavior requires that the radioactivity found in the root system of these aquatic plants is 14 C endothall.

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Sediment Facilitates Microbial Degradation of The Herbicides Endothall Monoamine Salt and Endothall Dipotassium Salt in an Aquatic Environment

Islam

Hunt

Liu

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Endothall dipotassium salt and monoamine salt are herbicide formulations used for controlling submerged aquatic macrophytes and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Microbial activity is the primary degradation pathway for endothall. To better understand what influences endothall degradation, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to 1) evaluate the effects of different water and sediment sources on degradation, and 2) determine if degradation was faster in the presence of a microbial community previously exposed to endothall. Endothall residues were determined with LC-MS at intervals to 21 days after endothall application. Two endothall isomers were detected. Isomer-1 was abundant in both endothall formulations, while isomer-2 was only abundant in the monoamine endothall formulation and was more persistent. Degradation did not occur in the absence of sediment. In the presence of sediment degradation if isomer-1 began after a lag phase of 5-11 days and was almost complete by 14 days. Onset of degradation occurred 2-4 days sooner when the microbial population was previously exposed to endothall. We provide direct evidence that the presence and characteristics of sediment are of key importance in the degradation of endothall in an aquatic environment, and that monoamine endothall has two separate isomers that have different degradation characteristics.

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Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Concentration–Exposure Time Relationships for Controlling Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) with Endothall

Concentration–Exposure Time Relationships for Controlling Sago Pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata) with Endothall

Endothall behavior in Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata

Sediment Facilitates Microbial Degradation of The Herbicides Endothall Monoamine Salt and Endothall Dipotassium Salt in an Aquatic Environment

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