Techniques for coupling mass spectrometry to thermogravimetry

Thermogravimetric analyzer/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system for evolved gas analysis

“…It is, therefore, not surprising that this technique has enjoyed a protracted use as a chemical detector for TG (3)(4)(5). The coupling of a thermogravimetric analyzer, a predominantly atmospheric pressure technique, with the conventional mass spectrometer, a high vacuum technique, is naturally very challenging, and methods of coupling are about as numerous as users of TG/MS (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Analysis of aerospace adhesives and prepreg composite fabrics

“…TAlMS is performed using apparatus similar to that of Chiu et al [3] for TGNMS by attaching a Finnigan Model 4021 GClMS to a home-built programmable oven which heats a quartz sample U-tube; however, no gravimetric measurement is made with this apparatus (Figure 1). All of these techniques rely upon helium to sweep the thermally produced volatiles into the GC or MS.…”

The determination of residual moisture in several freeze-dried vaccines and a Honey Bee Venom Allergenic Extract by TG/MS

“…Mass spectra were taken continuously of the gases (off-gases) exiting from the quartz tube surrounding the sample in the TG oven while the weight loss (TG) and rate of change of weight loss (DTG) scans were recorded for a sample of approximately 6 mg by a DuPont Model 951 TGA interfaced [6,7] to a DuPont Model 21-104 mass spectrometer (DuPont Instruments, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.). The analyses were performed at a heating rate of 5 deg per min in a flowing helium atmosphere.…”

“…The residual moisture content of freeze-dried biological products was first determined by the gravimetric method [3]. In this study thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS) [6,7] is used to identify the TG transition corresponding to the loss of residual moisture in vaccines that have complex TG curves. For samples with uncomplicated TG curves, thermogravimetric results have been shown to correlate with coulometric Karl Fischer results for residual moisture in several types of freeze-dried viral vaccines [4].…”