Technical Summary

Johansson, Thomas B.; Nakićenović, Nebojša; Patwardhan, Anand; Gómez-Echeverri, Luis; Arent, Doug; Banerjee, Rangan; Benson, Sally M.; Bouille, Daniel; Brew-Hammond, Abeeku; Cherp, Aleh; Coelho, Suani Teixeira; Emberson, Lisa; Figueroa, Maria J.; Grübler, Arnulf; He, Kebin; Jaccard, Mark; Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn; Karekezi, Stephen; Larson, Eric; Li, Zheng; McDade, Susan; Mytelka, Lynn K.; Pachauri, Shonali; Riahi, Keywan; Rockström, Johan; Rogner, Hans‐Holger; Roy, Joyashree; Schock, R.N.; Sims, Ralph; Smith, Kirk R.; Turkenburg, Wim; Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana; Hippel, Frank von; Yeager, K.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511793677.006

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, a fundamental prerequisite for the future availability of biomass worldwide is the sustainability of its supply. This normative requirement is endorsed by numerous studies, e.g., [26][27][28][29]. Relevant voluntary schemes already exist in the form of the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP) indicators [31] and the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests [32].…”

Section: Scenario Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

et al. 2017

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Bioenergy is an important renewable energy carrier with uncertainties in future development due to sustainability issues. Its further development requires a robust bioenergy strategy on a national level. To provide these strategy elements, a dedicated approach was developed, which includes a new modeling framework, an impact assessment, and stakeholder involvement. Demonstrating the approach on the example of Germany, four bioenergy utilization scenarios for a period up to 2050 have been assessed using seven indicators that cover aspects from local infrastructure to global food security. The devised strategy elements address the national and international feedstock supply, promising fields of utilization, and appropriate frame conditions. The results coherently focus on a wide range of policy fields, which has not been possible in the past. IntroductionBioenergy is made from renewable biomass sources. In recent decades, it has been the most significant renewable energy carrier in Germany, Europe, and the world [1][2][3]. On a global level, bioenergy counts today for 100 % of the renewable transport fuels, over 90 % of modern renewable heat, and 8 % of renewable power [3], with a significant rise in bioenergy utilization through all sectors, which means a doubling of the use between 2006 and 2014, and significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction [4]. Advanced renewable energy goals and the availability of a wider spectrum of costefficient renewable energy technologies, i.e., wind power, photovoltaics, heat pumps, and e-mobility, mean the role of bioenergy in future energy systems is expected to change [5][6][7]. However, concerns have also arisen about the availability of feedstock to cover additional energy demands using bio-based energy carriers. Although biomass is a renewable resource, its availability is limited at a certain point in time, especially when environmental impacts on biodiversity, soil quality, natural carbon stocks and sinks, e.g., are taken into account [8][9][10]. Nevertheless, the rise in the demand for biomass for food production, feed production, and material use is expected to continue in the future [11][12][13][14]. It is commonly agreed that bioenergy has to be utilized in line with the goals of sustainable development; in particular, food security ranks higher than using biomass for energetic purposes [15,16].

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Section: Scenario Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

et al. 2017

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“…This is due to several factors. First, CO 2 storage within saline aquifers Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness 161 often exploits thin high-permeability layers (such as palaeochannels or sandstone channels; Johansson et al 2012). Second, buoyancydriven CO 2 migrates laterally along the top of the reservoir, forming a new thin layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Huang

Juhlin

Han³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YDetermining thin layer thickness is very important for reservoir characterization and CO 2 quantification. Given its high time-frequency resolution and robustness, the complex spectral decomposition method was applied on time-lapse 3-D seismic data from the Ketzin pilot site for CO 2 storage to evaluate the frequency-dependent characteristics of thin layers at the injection level. Higher temporal resolution and more stratigraphic details are seen in the all-frequency and monochromatic reflectivity amplitude sections obtained by complex spectral decomposition compared to the stacked sections. The mapped geologic discontinuities within the reservoir are consistent with the preferred orientation of CO 2 propagation. Tuning frequency mapping shows the thicknesses of the reservoir sandstone and gaseous CO 2 is consistent with the measured thickness of the sandstone unit from well logging. An attempt to discriminate between pressure effects and CO 2 saturation using the extracted tuning frequency indicates that CO 2 saturation is the main contributor to the amplitude anomaly at the Ketzin site. On the basis of determined thickness of gaseous CO 2 in the reservoir, quantitative analysis of the amount of CO 2 was performed and shows a discrepancy between the injected and calculated CO 2 mass. This may be explained by several uncertainties, like structural reservoir heterogeneity, a limited understanding of the complex subsurface conditions, error of determined tuning frequency, the presence of ambient noise and ongoing CO 2 dissolution.

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“…However, most studies with energy balance from agricultural production system usually do not consider some important inputs, such as fuel used on many machinery activities (CRUSE et al, 2010;JOHANSSON et al, 2012;PIMENTEL, 1980). Moreover, the lack of information about crop development, water use, and nutrient cycling make it impossible to determine better management practices, which is an important factor to improve the energy balance (ACHTEN et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Energy Balance and Energy Return on Investment of Jatropha Production

Santos¹,

Andrade²,

Lena³

et al. 2017

RBAI

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The aim of this research was to perform the energy analysis of Jatropha in two water management (full irrigation and rainfed) and four levels of nitrogen fertilization: 150% (N150), 100% (N100), 50% (N50), and 0% (N0) of the fertilization recommendation for the crop. The study was developed in the experimental field area located at Piracicaba/SP, Brazil, during the third growing season of Jatropha. Material and energy flow, energy balance (EB), and the energy return on investment (EROI) were determined for all water and nitrogen levels. The component that most contributed as energy input were fuels for all conditions (17.71 GJ ha -1 ). Among all the treatments, the highest energy incorporation (37.48 GJ ha -1 ) was observed in the N150 under irrigation. The increase for nitrogen applied, along with the irrigation usage, resulted in higher fruit yield and consequently input energy, despite the need for a greater energy investment. Without counting the residues in the analysis, only the N150 under irrigation was energetically efficient, presenting EROI of 1.04. Considering the residues, N150 and N100 with irrigation presented EROI of 1.15 and 1.06, respectively. Irrigation promoted an increase of 52, 63, 34 and 203% in EROI for fertilization levels N150, N100, N50, and N0, respectively. Keywords: Energy analysis, sustainability, energy flow. IMPACTO DA IRRIGAÇÃO E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO BALANÇO E VIABILIDADE ENERGÉTICA DO CULTIVO DO PINHÃO-MANSO RESUMOO objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a análise energética do pinhão-manso em duas condições hídricas (irrigação plena e sequeiro) e quatro níveis de adubação nitrogenada: 150% (N150), 100% (N100), 50% (N50) e 0% (N0) da recomendação de adubação para a cultura. O estudo foi desenvolvido no campo experimental localizado em Piracicaba/SP, Brasil, durante o terceiro ano de cultivo da cultura. A partir do fluxo material foi determinado o fluxo de energia, o balanço de energia (BE) e energy return on investment (EROI) para todas as condições. Os combustíveis foram os insumos que apresentaram a maior contribuição na energia de entrada para as oito condições (17,71 GJ ha -1 ). Dentre os tratamentos, a maior incorporação de energia foi observada na condição N150 sob irrigação (37.48 GJ ha -1 ). Os aumentos na quantidade de nitrogênio aplicado, juntamente com a presença da irrigação, proporcionaram maior produção de frutos e consequentemente de energia, apesar de necessitarem de um maior investimento energético. Sem contabilizar os resíduos na análise, apenas a condição N150 sob irrigação foi eficiente energeticamente, apresentando EROI de 1,04. Considerando os resíduos, as condições N150 e N100 com irrigação apresentaram EROI de 1,15 e 1,06, respectivamente. A irrigação promoveu aumento de cerca de 52, 63, 34 e 203% no EROI para os níveis de adubação N150, N100, N50 e N0, respectivamente. Palavras-chave:Análise energética, sustentabilidade, fluxo de energia.

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Technical Summary

Cited by 19 publications

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Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany

Impact of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Energy Balance and Energy Return on Investment of Jatropha Production

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Technical Summary

Cited by 19 publications

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Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example

Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO2mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO2storage site, Germany

Impact of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Energy Balance and Energy Return on Investment of Jatropha Production

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Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer thickness and CO₂mass utilizing seismic complex decomposition at the Ketzin CO₂storage site, Germany