Technical Note: Sensitivity of 1-D smoke plume rise models to the inclusion of environmental wind drag

Freitas, Saulo R.; Longo, Karla M.; Trentmann, J.; Latham, Don

doi:10.5194/acp-10-585-2010

Cited by 87 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Buoyancy also is affected by radiative cooling and latent heat release if the plume reaches the lifting condensation level (LCL). Strong horizontal winds can lead to a less vertical plume, enhance the entrainment processes, and prevent the plume from reaching the LCL (Freitas et al, 2010;Val Martin et al, 2010). Strong winds also produce enhanced turbulent mixing in the boundary layer.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong winds also produce enhanced turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. These effects are most pronounced for small fires occurring in humid environments (Freitas et al, 2010). Regardless, the influence of horizontal wind on vertical plume development is not considered in the WRF-Chem 3.1.1 plume rise model, but will be included in later versions.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final height reached by a plume is controlled by the thermodynamic stability of the atmospheric environment and the surface heat flux release from the fire (Freitas et al, 2010). The final rise of the plume is determined by the height at which the vertical velocity of the in-plume air parcel is less than 1 m s −1 .…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this more realistic portrayal of injection heights, the long-range transport simulations described in later sections will be limited to using the FLAMBE (FB) emission data. Atmospheric stability plays an important role in simulating injection heights within WRF Chem's 1-D plume rise model (Freitas et al, 2007(Freitas et al, , 2010. Fig.…”

Section: Injection Height Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

et al. 2011

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One of the most important aspects of simulating wildfire plume transport is the height at which emissions are injected. WRF-Chem contains an integrated one-dimensional plume rise model to determine the appropriate injection layer. The plume rise model accounts for thermal buoyancy associated with fires and local atmospheric stability. This paper describes a case study of a 10 day period during the Spring phase of ARCTAS. It compares results from the plume model against those of two more traditional injection methods: Injecting within the planetary boundary layer, and in a layer 3-5 km above ground level. Fire locations are satellite derived from the GOES Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF ABBA) and the MODIS thermal hotspot detection. Two methods for preprocessing these fire data are compared: The prep chem sources method included with WRF-Chem, and the Naval Research Laboratory's Fire Locating and Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE). Results from the simulations are compared with satellitederived products from the AIRS, MISR and CALIOP sensors.Correspondence to: H. E. Fuelberg (hfuelberg@fsu.edu) When FLAMBE provides input to the 1-D plume rise model, the resulting injection heights exhibit the best agreement with satellite-observed injection heights. The FLAMBE-derived heights are more realistic than those utilizing prep chem sources. Conversely, when the planetary boundary layer or the 3-5 km a.g.l. layer were filled with emissions, the resulting injection heights exhibit less agreement with observed plume heights. Results indicate that differences in injection heights produce different transport pathways. These differences are especially pronounced in area of strong vertical wind shear and when the integration period is long.

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Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injection Height Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

et al. 2011

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“…The observations most sensitive to EA2 sources were captured within or very near fire plumes. Plume heights are calculated hourly in an online 1-D vertical mixing scheme in WRF-Chem (Freitas et al, 2007(Freitas et al, , 2010, which depends strongly on burned areas. With FINN, the areas are provided for each fire independently, while for QFED the areas use a default value of 0.25 km 2 per fire.…”

Section: Distinct Improvement (Bold) Distinct Degradation (Italic) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Guerrette

Henze

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB) field campaign and surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network on 22, 23, and 24 June 2008. We consider three BB inventories, including Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.0 and v1.5 and Quick Fire Emissions Database (QFED) v2.4r8. On 22 June, aircraft observations are able to reduce the spread between a customized QFED inventory and FINNv1.0 from a factor of 3.5 (×3.5) to only ×2.1. On 23 and 24 June, the spread is reduced from ×3.4 to ×1.4. The posterior corrections to emissions are heterogeneous in time and space, and exhibit similar spatial patterns of sign for both inventories. The posterior diurnal BB patterns indicate that multiple daily emission peaks might be warranted in specific regions of California. The US EPA's 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI05) is used as the anthropogenic prior. On 23 and 24 June, the coastal California posterior is reduced by ×2, where highway sources dominate, while inland sources are increased near Barstow by ×5. Relative BB emission variances are reduced from the prior by up to 35 % in grid cells close to aircraft flight paths and by up to 60 % for fires near surface measurements. Anthropogenic variance reduction is as high as 40 % and is similarly limited to sources close to observations. We find that the 22 June aircraft observations are able to constrain approximately 14 degrees of freedom of signal (DOF), while surface and aircraft observations together on 23/24 June constrain 23 DOF. Improving hourly-to daily-scale concentration predictions of BC and other aerosols during BB events will require more comprehensive and/or targeted measurements and a more complete accounting of sources of error besides the emissions.

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Quantifying the Impact of Biomass Burning Emissions on Major Inorganic Aerosols and Their Precursors in the U.S.

et al. 2017

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The primary sources for inorganic aerosols from biomass burning are rather negligible, but they are predominantly formed chemically following emission of their precursors (e.g., SO2, NH3, HOx, and NOx). The biomass burning contributions to some of the precursors can be considerable. Accordingly, we quantify the impact of the emissions on major inorganic aerosols in April–October 2012–2014 using a regional model simulation verified by extensive surface observations throughout the U.S. Simulated CO enhancements on an hourly basis are used to classify the U.S. into weak‐moderate (5 < COBiomass‐COBase < 20 ppbv) and strongly impacted periods (COBiomass‐COBase > 20 ppbv). This separation not only facilitates the identification of the spatial frequency of the impact but also helps to filter out nonimpacted periods, enabling us to focus on long‐term contributions. Despite the nonlinear responses of several trace gases to emissions, we observe increases (weak‐moderate and strong) in daily surface SO42− (1.16 ± 0.32 and 6.57 ± 4.65 nmol/m3), NO3− (0.36 ± 0.63, 4.70 ± 7.05 nmol/m3), and NH4+ (2.70 ± 0.92 and 17.82 ± 15.17 nmol/m3) on a national scale. These primarily resulted from (i) increases in daily surface SO2 (0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.10 ± 0.07 ppbv), afternoon OH (1.28 ± 4.24 and 12.82 ± 23.76 ppqv), and H2O2 (0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.10 ± 0.08 ppbv), which may have accelerated the conversion of S(IV) to S(VI), and (ii) increases in daily surface NH3 (1.08 ± 0.73 and 8.61 ± 7.73 nmol/m3) and HNO3 (1.44 ± 0.48 and 7.15 ± 4.25 nmol/m3), which could have produced more particle‐phase NH4NO3. In the West, where atmospheric moisture is limited, enhanced SO42− leaves less available water for NH4NO3 to become ions. Our results suggest that the major inorganic aerosol enhancement (mass) can reach to 23% of that of the carbonaceous aerosols.

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Technical Note: Sensitivity of 1-D smoke plume rise models to the inclusion of environmental wind drag

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Quantifying the Impact of Biomass Burning Emissions on Major Inorganic Aerosols and Their Precursors in the U.S.

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