An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

Sessions, W. R.; Fuelberg, Henry E.; Kahn, Ralph A.; Winker, David M.

doi:10.5194/acp-11-5719-2011

Cited by 57 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…A daily mean is calculated over each day (LT) and averaged over plume top and bottom to obtain a quantity comparable to GFASv1.2 plume height derivations. These are namely the height of maximum injection derived by a later version of the plume rise model within C-IFS (CompositionIntegrated Forecasting System) and the plume top estimated after a method by Sofiev et al (2012). In comparison to the plume heights obtained by simulation VARHEIGHT the GFAS plume heights do not have a diurnal cycle.…”

Section: Plume Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Including a one-dimensional, subgrid-scale plume rise model into an existing chemistry and transportation model has the potential to enhance the representation of fire emissions in model simulations (Freitas et al, 2007;Sessions et al, 2011). The one-dimensional model calculates the upper and lower bounds of the injection layer depending on meteorological conditions, fire size, and fire intensity for every fire location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emitted material is released between these bounds (Freitas et al, 2007). Sessions et al (2011) simulated the source height with the one-dimensional plume rise model implemented in WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecast modeling system coupled with chemistry). The source heights of the plume rise model are in good agreement with satellite-retrieved source heights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conclusion is that different source heights lead to different transportation paths. Sofiev et al (2012) used convective available potential energy (CAPE) calculations to constrain plume heights. In this method dynamical entrainment is neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We quantified the effects of the plume rise of biomass burning aerosol and gases for the forest fires that occurred in Saskatchewan, Canada, in July 2010. For this purpose, simulations with different assumptions regarding the plume rise and the vertical distribution of the emissions were conducted. Based on comparisons with observations, applying a one-dimensional plume rise model to predict the injection layer in combination with a parametrization of the vertical distribution of the emissions outperforms approaches in which the plume heights are initially predefined. Approximately 30 % of the fires exceed the height of 2 km with a maximum height of 8.6 km. Using this plume rise model, comparisons with satellite images in the visible spectral range show a very good agreement between the simulated and observed spatial distributions of the biomass burning plume. The simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) with data of an AERONET station is in good agreement with respect to the absolute values and the timing of the maximum. Comparison of the vertical distribution of the biomass burning aerosol with CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) retrievals also showed the best agreement when the plume rise model was applied. We found that downwelling surface short-wave radiation below the forest fire plume is reduced by up to 50 % and that the 2 m temperature is decreased by up to 6 K. In addition, we simulated a strong change in atmospheric stability within the biomass burning plume.

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Section: Plume Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

et al. 2016

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“…Guan et al (2010) found a linear relationship between coincident OMI AAI and CALIOP plume height for young biomass burning plumes, allowing the identification of high-altitude plumes in the multi-decadal TOMS and OMI AAI data, and hence making it possible to construct a data set for validating global fire plume heights in chemistry transport models. These associations from satellite products, begin to give the modeling community the information they need to develop and refine plume rises models, so smoke from fires can be placed at the correct altitude within the model, thus improving aerosol transport modeling (Sessions et al, 2011;Val Martin et al, in press). Injection heights have been characterized by satellite also for dust plumes Yumimoto et al, 2009) and volcanic plumes (Haywood et al, 2010;Scollo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Source Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite perspective of aerosol intercontinental transport: From qualitative tracking to quantitative characterization

Remer

Kahn

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Research

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Evidence of aerosol intercontinental transport (ICT) is both widespread and compelling. Model simulations suggest that ICT could significantly affect regional air quality and climate, but the broad inter-model spread of results underscores a need of constraining model simulations with measurements. Satellites have inherent advantages over in situ measurements to characterize aerosol ICT, because of their spatial and temporal coverage. Significant progress in satellite remote sensing of aerosol properties during the Earth Observing System (EOS) era offers the opportunity to increase quantitative characterization and estimates of aerosol ICT beyond the capability of pre-EOS era satellites that could only qualitatively track aerosol plumes. EOS satellites also observe emission strengths and injection heights of some aerosols, aerosol precursors, and aerosol-related gases, which can help characterize aerosol ICT. We review how the current generation of satellite measurements have been used to (1) characterize the evolution of aerosol plumes (e.g., both horizontal and vertical transport, and properties) on an episodic basis, (2) understand the seasonal and inter-annual variations of aerosol ICT and their control factors, (3) estimate the export and import fluxes of aerosols, and (4) evaluate and constrain model simulations. Substantial effort is needed to further explore an integrated approach using measurements from on-orbit satellites (e.g., A-Train synergy) for observational characterization and model constraint of aerosol intercontinental transport and to develop advanced sensors for future missions.

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The effect of smoke emission amount on changes in cloud properties and precipitation: A case study of Canadian boreal wildfires of 2007

Sokolik

2013

JGR Atmospheres

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[1] We investigate the influence of wildfire smoke aerosols on cloud microphysics and precipitation using a coupled aerosol-cloud microphysics-meteorology model WRF-Chem-SMOKE. The Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm products are used to compute "online" hourly size-and composition-resolved smoke emission fluxes during Canadian boreal wildfires in the summer of 2007. Comparisons with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical depth, Ozone Monitoring Instrument aerosol index, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation vertical feature mask demonstrate that WRF-Chem-SMOKE captures both the horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of smoke. However, estimated smoke emissions result in much lower aerosol optical depth values than those of observations (by about tenfold). Modeling experiments with varying amounts of smoke emissions of 5 to 10 times as high as the original load reveal that low smoke load favors the collision-coalescence process at a certain stage, leading to either positive or negative changes in the cloud water path (CWP) relative to smoke-free conditions. For high smoke emissions, changes in CWP are positive, as large as 0.5 kg/m 2 . A domain-integrated increase in CWP is proportional to smoke loading. By contrast, both positive and negative changes in the rain water path (RWP) and the snow water path (SWP) are found. While domain-integrated changes in RWP are negative, those in SWP go from negative to positive under a high smoke load. Higher smoke loadings suppress precipitation initially, because of smoke-induced reduction of the collision-coalescence and riming processes, but ultimately cause an invigoration of precipitation. We found that precipitation is highly sensitive to 3-D smoke fields and varies in a nonlinear manner with smoke loads.

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An investigation of methods for injecting emissions from boreal wildfires using WRF-Chem during ARCTAS

Cited by 57 publications

References 101 publications

The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

Satellite perspective of aerosol intercontinental transport: From qualitative tracking to quantitative characterization

The effect of smoke emission amount on changes in cloud properties and precipitation: A case study of Canadian boreal wildfires of 2007

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