Technical Note: Influence of the phantom material on the absorbed‐dose energy dependence of the EBT3 radiochromic film for photons in the energy range 3 keV–18 MeV

Hermida-López, M.; Lüdemann, Lutz; Flühs, A.; Brualla, L.

doi:10.1118/1.4898598

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The intrinsic energy response may be written:

k_{normalbq} = \frac{M_{normalfilm} false(Q false)}{D_{normalfilm} false(Q false)},

where a radiation beam with quality Q produces an absorbed dose in film, D film ( Q ), and M film ( Q ) is the film response measurement (note that this quantity is defined inversely from Sutherland and Rogers, Bekerat et al ., and Hermida‐López et al …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…found contrasting magnitudes of the total energy dependence of EBT3 film to low‐energy photons of up to 11% and 3%, respectively. This inconsistency has been attributed to manufacturing and compositional changes that are not always accompanied by updates to the film model or label . Using Monte Carlo simulations of two batches of EBT2 film with slight variations in active layer chemical composition, Sutherland and Rogers showed that the magnitude of energy‐dependent response for photons under 100 keV is highly dependent on the particular batch makeup (one batch had 10% and the other a 50% energy response).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This inconsistency has been attributed to manufacturing and compositional changes that are not always accompanied by updates to the film model or label. [8][9][10] Using Monte Carlo simulations of two batches of EBT2 film with slight variations in active layer chemical composition, Sutherland and Rogers 11 showed that the magnitude of energy-dependent response for photons under 100 keV is highly dependent on the particular batch makeup (one batch had 10% and the other a 50% energy response). This indicates the necessity for careful determination of the chemical makeup of the active layer for accurate modeling and characterization of the energy response in each film batch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Hammer

Rosen

Fagerstrom³

et al. 2017

Medical Physics

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Purpose: To determine experimentally the intrinsic energy response, k bq , of EBT3 GafChromic â radiochromic film with kilovoltage x rays, 137 Cs, and 60 Co in therapeutic and diagnostic dose ranges through direct measurement with an accompanying mathematical approach to describe the physical processes involved. Methods: The EBT3 film was irradiated with known doses using 60 Co, 137 Cs, and 13 NIST-matched kilovoltage x-ray beams. Seven dose levels, ranging from 57 to 7002 mGy, were chosen for this work. Monte Carlo methods were used to convert air-kerma rates to dose rates to the film active layer for each energy. A total of 738 film dosimeters, each measuring (1.2 9 1.2) cm 2 , were cut from three film sheets out of the same lot of the latest version of EBT3 film, to allow for multiple dosimeters to be irradiated by each target dose and beam quality as well as unirradiated dosimeters to be used as controls. Net change in optical density in excess of the unirradiated controls was measured using the UWMRRC Laser Densitometry System (LDS). The dosimeter intrinsic energy response, k bq , for each dose level was determined relative to 60 Co, as the ratio of dosimeter response to each beam quality relative to the absorbed dose to the film active volume at the same dose level. A simplified, single-hit mathematical model was used to derive a single-free-parameter, b, which is a proportionality constant that is dependent on beam quality and describes the microdosimetric interactions within the active layer of film. The response of b for each beam quality relative to 60 Co was also determined. Results: k bq was determined for a wide range of doses and energies. The results show a unique variation of k bq as a function of energy, and agree well with results from other investigations. There was no measurable dose dependence for k bq within the 500-7002 mGy range outside of the expanded measurement uncertainty of 3.65% (k = 2). For doses less than 500 mGy, the signal-to-noise ratio was too low to determine k bq accurately. The single-free-parameter, b, fit calculations derived from the single-hit model show a correlation with k bq that suggests that b, at least in part, characterizes the microdosimetric interactions that determine k bq . Conclusions: For the beam qualities investigated, a single energy-dependent k bq correction can be used for doses between 500 and 7002 mGy. Using the single-hit model with the single-free-parameter fit to solve for b shows promise in the determination of the intrinsic energy response of film, with b being the mathematical analog of the measured k bq .

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“…The intrinsic energy response may be written:

k_{normalbq} = \frac{M_{normalfilm} false(Q false)}{D_{normalfilm} false(Q false)},

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Hammer

Rosen

Fagerstrom³

et al. 2017

Medical Physics

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“…Similarly, simulations by Hermida-Lopez et al [57] indicated that the EBT and EBT2 films exhibit an energy-dependent response in water in the energy region from 10 to 100 keV, with a 10% and 40% maximum reduction at 40 keV, respectively. They predicted that the EBT3 films would have a constant response within 2.3% over the entire energy region.…”

Section: Radiochromic Film Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 89%

Medical physics aspects of the synchrotron radiation therapies: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSRT)

et al. 2015

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Stereotactic Synchrotron Radiotherapy (SSRT) and Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) are both novel approaches to treat brain tumor and potentially other tumors using synchrotron radiation. Although the techniques differ by their principles, SSRT and MRT share certain common aspects with the possibility of combining their advantages in the future. For MRT, the technique uses highly collimated, quasi-parallel arrays of X-ray microbeams between 50 and 600 keV. Important features of highly brilliant Synchrotron sources are a very small beam divergence and an extremely high dose rate. The minimal beam divergence allows the insertion of so called Multi Slit Collimators (MSC) to produce spatially fractionated beams of typically ∼25-75 micron-wide microplanar beams separated by wider (100-400 microns center-to-center(ctc)) spaces with a very sharp penumbra. Peak entrance doses of several hundreds of Gy are extremely well tolerated by normal tissues and at the same time provide a higher therapeutic index for various tumor models in rodents. The hypothesis of a selective radio-vulnerability of the tumor vasculature versus normal blood vessels by MRT was recently more solidified. SSRT (Synchrotron Stereotactic Radiotherapy) is based on a local drug uptake of high-Z elements in tumors followed by stereotactic irradiation with 80 keV photons to enhance the dose deposition only within the tumor. With SSRT already in its clinical trial stage at the ESRF, most medical physics problems are already solved and the implemented solutions are briefly described, while the medical physics aspects in MRT will be discussed in more detail in this paper.

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“…16 The most recent EBT3 model also introduced changes to the active layer composition to improve the energy dependence in a wide energy range. 18,19 This work presents a practical method for measuring in water, planar absorbed dose distributions and the reference dose rates produced by 106 Ru/ 106 Rh ophthalmic plaques using EBT3 radiochromic film. The measurement results are compared with published simulation and experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorbed dose distributions from ophthalmic ¹⁰⁶Ru/¹⁰⁶Rh plaques measured in water with radiochromic film

Hermida-López

Brualla

2018

Medical Physics

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Technical Note: Influence of the phantom material on the absorbed‐dose energy dependence of the EBT3 radiochromic film for photons in the energy range 3 keV–18 MeV

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Medical physics aspects of the synchrotron radiation therapies: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSRT)

Absorbed dose distributions from ophthalmic ¹⁰⁶Ru/¹⁰⁶Rh plaques measured in water with radiochromic film

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Technical Note: Influence of the phantom material on the absorbed‐dose energy dependence of the EBT3 radiochromic film for photons in the energy range 3 keV–18 MeV

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental investigation of GafChromic® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, 137Cs, and 60Co

Experimental investigation of GafChromic® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, 137Cs, and 60Co

Medical physics aspects of the synchrotron radiation therapies: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSRT)

Absorbed dose distributions from ophthalmic 106Ru/106Rh plaques measured in water with radiochromic film

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Experimental investigation of GafChromic^® EBT3 intrinsic energy dependence with kilovoltage x rays, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co

Absorbed dose distributions from ophthalmic ¹⁰⁶Ru/¹⁰⁶Rh plaques measured in water with radiochromic film