Technical feasibility study of butanol–gasoline blends for powering medium-duty transportation spark ignition engine

Investigation of the effects of iso-butanol additives on spark ignition engine fuelled with methanol-gasoline blends

“…This result was also consistent with the findings of previous researchers [47,48]. Besides that, HC emissions provided insight on how well the fuel mixed with the air and was consumed during the combustion process.…”

Experimental investigation of combustion, emissions and thermal balance of secondary butyl alcohol-gasoline blends in a spark ignition engine

“…However, it can generally be observed that with an increase in butanol fraction, the ROHR peaks also increase from 13.1 J/°CA, 15.1 J/°CA and 15.5 J/°CA for GBu5, GBu10 and GBu15, respectively, compared with 16.9 J/°CA by G100. It was shown in the early studies [26,79,80] that ROHR tends to increase with increasing concentration of n-butanol, whereas other studies [23,30,32] showed an opposite outcome. In particular, Wallner et al [80] showed an increase in ROHR for the blended n-butanol with gasoline compared with neat gasoline.…”

“…However, he added that an increase in engine speed will simultaneously produce higher engine emissions. Singh et al [30] measured emissions for HC, CO and NO x for n-butanol-gasoline blends with 5, 10, 20, 50 and 75% nbutanol in a four-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine. Brake-specific emissions for HC, CO and NO x , especially for Bu50 and Bu70, were lower compared with gasoline, particularly at higher engine speeds and loads.…”

“…Much of the current literature on butanol additive pays particular attention to n-butanol in both spark and compression ignition engines; see, e.g., [23,24,[26][27][28][29][30][31]33] and [34][35][36][37]39,44], respectively. Some researchers have also attempted to draw fine distinctions using different types of butanol isomers such as isobutanol-see, e.g., [20,32,[47][48][49][50][51][52]-and tert-butanol-see, e.g., [53].…”

Investigation of emissions characteristics of secondary butyl alcohol-gasoline blends in a port fuel injection spark ignition engine

“…The author found that the engine torque and thermal efficiency drop by approximately 4% for butanol-gasoline blends compared to the gasoline fuels. Singh et al [24] conducted an experimental study on 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 75% of butanol volume percentage in a gasoline fuels with medium duty transportation SI engine. They found that reduction of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature, brake specific nitrogen oxides (BSNO), brake specific carbon monoxides (BSCO) and smoke emissions for butanol-gasoline blends compared to the pure gasoline fuels.…”