Technical and technological operations for the adaptation of agriculture to global warming conditions

Abstract

This article is devoted to the improvement of technologies and technical operations for providing agricultural plants with moisture, such as optimal moisture accumulation of both winter precipitation (snow) and summer rainfall and their rational spending, excluding unproductive moisture losses by reducing evaporation because of high soil temperatures, which is typical, according to experts, of global warming.

Feasibility Demonstration of the Effective Design of the Opener Group of the Seeder for Winter Wheat in Arid Conditions

“…According to the deep analysis of the seeders used in Russian agro-industrial complex and produced in the Russian Federation (Samara) by Eurotechnika JSC of the German company Amazonen-Werke, there is a large range of seeders for such important technological operation in agriculture as sowing. Long-term joint scientific work of Samara State Agrarian University with the Amazone company on many of its agricultural machines [6][7][8], to a greater extent on seeders both for traditional technology (D9, Citan), and for conservation technlogies No-Till, Minitill (Primera DMC, Condor, Cauena) [7], allows us to recommend the most effective seeders for each specific soil and climatic conditions and crops. And today, this, along with the widely used DMC seeder used in the Russian Federation, there is a seeder for both direct seeding and traditional technologies -Condor with a working width of 12 and 15 meters [7][8], productivity 7-25 hectares / hour at a working speed of up to 14 km / h, and seasonal production on spring and winter crops up to 2,000 hectares (Fig.…”

“…In order to get high productivity, the winter wheat sown in autumn has to give full-fledged seedlings and sprouts for overwintering and successful development in a spring-summer period. However, the conditions for seeding in arid zones that include the regions of the Volga region (Samara oblast and others) are very often unfavourable because of the low moisture content of the topsoil treated during the summer that requires the improvement of the plant production technology of winter crops [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Effective cultivation of corn on the drylands with the use of CAM liquid fertilisers by the “Tuman” innovative complex

“…The current unfavourable food situation in the world due to the lack of food for many countries requires the leading producers of agricultural products, which includes Russia, to increase the production of food, especially from plant-growing raw materials, as much as possible, despite the negative projected global warming and critical droughts recurring from year to year in many regions and in particular in the Russian Federation [1][2][3]. In solving this problem, it is necessary to further expand the planting of highly productive crops, which include corn [4][5][6], improve its cultivation technologies using innovative technical and technological products, in particular the use of nitrogen fertilisers [7][8][9][10] preferably in liquid form [1,4,8] based on a carbamide-ammonia mixture -CAM (CAM-32, CAM+S).…”

Improvements in corn production technology using liquid nitrogen fertilizers

“…Due to the high nutritional and fodder characteristics of the corn agricultural crop, its production occupies a significant volume in the world, including Russia, increasing annually because of the high purchase price and the yield. At the same time, for the majority of arid regions, to which Samara oblast in the Russian Federation belongs (the place of the research), it is necessary to improve the cultivation technology of this hydrophilious crop with an increase in production efficiency primarily due to the optimal methods of using mineral fertilizers [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”