Technical and Environmental Limitations of Pro-Ecological Transport System Designing

Abstract

Transport is one of the most environmentally destructive branches of economy. It contributes to environmental degradation and influences negatively on human live. It should therefore seek to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The paper presents many aspects of development of the national transport system. In article characterized technical constraints and environmental issues, which are applicable to the designing of pro-ecological transport system. Presented in it also indicators of the proposed design solution quality.In shaping the pro-ecological system the special role plays environmental restrictions, because they mainly determine the quality of solutions in terms of minimizing the negative impact of transport on the environment. Technical factors are equally important, because they allow, among others, reducing the external costs of congestions and allow on the creation of transport tasks on the appropriate level. In particularly, EU requirements for sustainable development of the transport system, the components of the external costs arising from the sphere of transport, indicators and ecological limitations in designing of pro-ecological transport system, ecological limitations, technical limitations, indicators for assessing pro-ecological transport system are presented in the paper.

Multi-criteria method of selection the way of conducting railway traffic on the open line for modernized and revitalized railway lines

“…During the modernization or revitalization of the railway line, the decision-maker is faced with the need to decide which way of conducting the railway traffic on the open lines is appropriate for the analysed case. A number of factors have to be taken into consideration, which influence the choice of the best solution [7,22]. During making the decision, it is necessary to remember that when conducting of trains traffic along the open line, several rules are necessary to take into account: -on the double track open line, the train traffic should be conduct on the right track, looking in the direction of the train; from this rule there are many exceptions -traffic can also be carried out on the left track when traffic control devices allow or require such a necessity, -on each track of the open line or block section in one time can be only one train, -the station inspector can send a train from a traffic post if the adjacent trail or distance is free; in addition, it must be ensured that the traffic officer in the neighbouring post does not train on the train track, -about duty of the open line station inspector is informed on the basis of the line blocking devices state or an agreement with the station inspector of the neighbouring operating control post using radio communication devices (announcing of trains), -permission on departure of the train station inspector may issue on the basis of receiving a permit from a neighbouring operating control post for the train's departure or other indications [1], -when the devices do not allow for the train departure on the open line onto the permit signal, it can be sent to a substitute signal or a written order under certain conditions, -when the line blocking devices do not work properly, carry out the traffic based on announcements by means of telephone communication.…”

“…In order to ensure the level of safety [3][4][5][6] and improve the quality of provided services [7][8][9], the infrastructure manager constantly monitors any irregularities related to the condition of railway infrastructure. The activities related to the supervision of the railway line included [10]: -control covering the entire length of tracks, -control of sections under extraordinary circumstances (e.g.…”

Method of railway line audit in terms of the condition of railway infrastructure

“…Nowadays, rail transport is the safest type of land transport. The main factors influencing this fact should include, among others [1]: -technical condition of the railway infrastructure, -rolling stock technical condition [2,3], -technical condition of control command and signalling equipment [4], -traffic organization [5], -employees' competences, -culture of public safety [6].…”