Tear Break-up Time in High Altitude Areas

Jha, KN

doi:10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80042-7

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…19 In humans, altitude has been reported as a factor influencing TBUT. 20 One study conducted on humans indicated that high altitude caused a reduction in TBUT because of air flow (wind), low humidity, and ultraviolet radiation (UV). 20 Another investigation on humans showed the effects of climate and environmental factors on dry eye disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 One study conducted on humans indicated that high altitude caused a reduction in TBUT because of air flow (wind), low humidity, and ultraviolet radiation (UV). 20 Another investigation on humans showed the effects of climate and environmental factors on dry eye disease. 21 In humans, TBUT has been reported to be positively correlated with weather temperature and humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, altitude has been reported as a factor influencing TBUT 20 . One study conducted on humans indicated that high altitude caused a reduction in TBUT because of air flow (wind), low humidity, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear film breakup time and Schirmer tear test in normal dogs: Effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct patency

Faghihi

Rajaei

2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective The present study aimed to determine the effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) patency on tear production and tear film breakup time (TBUT) in normal dogs. Animals studied The ophthalmic data of 82 healthy adult dogs were evaluated in this study. Procedures Age, sex, breed, and reproductive status were recorded. Schirmer tear test (STT) and TBUT were assessed in all dogs, and interferometry was available for the selected dogs. The Jones test was used to evaluate NLD patency. The cephalic index (CI) was calculated for each dog (skull width/skull length ×100). Results Mean (SD) values for the STT results for the right (OD) and left (OS) eyes were 20.6 (2.7) and 20.2 (2.7) mm/min, respectively. Mean (SD) TBUT values for OD and OS were 6.5 (2.5) and 6.1 (2.3) mm/min in all dogs, respectively. Sex and reproductive status had no significant effect on STT and TBUT (P[OU] > 0.05). Skull type significantly affected TBUT in both eyes (P(OD) = 0.01, P(OS) = 0.003), but had no effect on STT (P[OU] > 0.3). Age had no correlation with STT and TBUT in either eye (P[OU] > 0.05). STT and TBUT had no correlation in either eye (P[OU] > 0.2). NLD patency had no significant effect on STT or TBUT (P[OU] > 0.1). Conclusions The results of this study showed lower TBUT values in brachycephalic breeds than in non‐brachycephalic breeds. A compensatory increase in STT values was observed in dogs with low TBUT values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tear film breakup time and Schirmer tear test in normal dogs: Effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct patency

Faghihi

Rajaei

2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The harsh environmental factors like severe cold weather and wind chill factor can also lead to reduced tear film stability and increased tear break-up. The previous studies have reported a prevalence of dry eye symptoms in 52.4–54% at extreme high altitude ( 33 , 34 ). Our study has also found a significant increase in dry eye syndrome at moderate high altitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Observational Study to Analyze the Effects of Moderate High Altitude on Ocular Health

Maria

2024

Beyoglu Eye J

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Objectives: Prolonged exposure to hypoxia at high altitudes can affect the eyes through various mechanisms, culminating in reduced vision. Multiple studies on this subject have focused on the ocular effects of high altitude on intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal thickness, and the retina. However, there is a lack of literature on the effects of ‘moderate high altitude (2000–3000 m)’ on the eyes. Hence, we designed our study to determine the impact of moderate high altitude on the eyes. Methods: We recruited two age and gender-matched groups of 250 research participants, each at moderate high altitude (Group A) and plains (Group B), respectively, to determine the effects of moderate high altitude on ocular health, if any. Results: We found a statistically significant increase in dry eye in Group A. We also found four cases of central serous retinopathy and one case of central retinal vein occlusion in Group A. There was no statistically significant change in visual acuity, IOP, or central corneal thickness. Conclusion: There is a vast lacuna in the literature on this particular altitude range, and further studies are required to confirm our findings. It is also recommended that lubricant eye drops be advised as a standard prophylactic measure for all individuals traveling and staying at moderate high altitude.

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Biofluids in hypobaric hypoxia: best possible use, investigative strategies and putative markers

et al. 2019

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Tear Break-up Time in High Altitude Areas

Abstract: A total of 24% cases showed abnormal (<5 seconds) TBUT. Abnormality of tear film in the presence of low humidity and windy condition with high ultraviolet radiation may lead to ocular discomfort and pterygium in these areas.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Tear film breakup time and Schirmer tear test in normal dogs: Effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct patency

Tear film breakup time and Schirmer tear test in normal dogs: Effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct patency

A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Observational Study to Analyze the Effects of Moderate High Altitude on Ocular Health

Biofluids in hypobaric hypoxia: best possible use, investigative strategies and putative markers

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