“…Following Richards and Renandya (2002), the writing process is divided into four basic steps: planning (pre-writing), drafting (writing), revising (redrafting), and editing. Other researchers have also divided it into three stages, namely prewriting, writing, and rewriting/post-writing (Lincoln & Idris, 2014). Prewriting is intended to generate background knowledge (i.e., planning), as well as to select and narrow appropriate topics, brainstorm ideas, and organize thoughts (Wang, 2014).…”