“…Starting in the mid-1980s and continuing through the 1990s, scholars in applied linguistics produced a large body of research on what is now known as the language-literature divide in university FL programs (e.g., Barnett, 1991;Bernhardt, 1995;Henning, 1993;Hoffman & James, 1986;Kramsch, 1985;Muyskens, 1983;Schultz, 1995). This divide is characterized by fixed lines of demarcation between language study in lower-level courses and literary study in upper-level courses, the assumption being that once students have completed lower-level language courses, they are ready to carry out the advanced-level tasks expected in literature courses.…”