Teaching Ophthalmology for Machines

Martins, Thiago Gonçalves dos Santos; Kuba, Maria Carolina Francisco; Martins, Thomaz Gonçalves dos Santos

doi:10.2174/1874364101812010127

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The increase in documentation and data analysis enables the development or improvement of clinical guidelines. [11][12][13] In this study, the dataflow from the primarily operational raw data into consistent and persistent data in the data warehouse was made in a three-tier architecture. It supported heterogeneous data sources, unified, consistent, and reliable analysis of the data for multiple users and services.…”

Section: Big Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye disorders in patients with celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A study using clinical data warehouse

Martins

Sipahi

Santos

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background and aim: To analyze the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in Munich/Germany. Methods: A total of 272,873 patients of Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Ophthalmological Hospital with eye disease were evaluated between 2003 and 2019. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) of celiac disease Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and all medical records which had the diagnosis of these diseases were analyzed. Results: A total of 272,873 patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 53 years, with approximately 48% female patients, and 51% male patients. We selected 72 patients with celiac disease (68% women and 32% men), with a minimum age of 8 years, maximum of 103 years, and an average of 52 years. The most common diagnoses were dry eye (32%) and cataract (12%). The mean intraocular pressure of patients with celiac disease was 15 mmHg. During the same study period, 103 patients with Crohn’s disease were analyzed, with an average intraocular pressure of 14 mmHg.The minimum age of the patients was 12 years and a maximum of 93 years with an average age of 55 years, with 57% of females and 43% of males. The most common diagnoses were cataract (22%) and dry eye (19%). During the same study period, 99 patients with ulcerative colitis were analyzed, with an average intraocular pressure of 14 mmHg.The minimum age of the patients was 6 years and a maximum of 96 years, with an average age of 61 years, with 36% of females and 64% of males. The most common diagnoses were cataract (29.2%) and dry eye (12%). Conclusions: The main ophthalmological manifestations of patients requiring eye follow-up were dry eye and cataract for all the diseases analyzed, which can be considered as coincident complications. None of the three diseases had increased intraocular pressure. Thus, celiac disease presented a profile of ophthalmological manifestation similar to the other intestinal inflammatory diseases studied.

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Section: Big Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye disorders in patients with celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A study using clinical data warehouse

Martins

Sipahi

Santos

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Some problems still need to be overcome, such as maintaining data confidentiality and the fact that not all people have smartphones and internet access. [31][32][33][34][35] In China, the Alipay Health app on Alipay indicates the possibility of getting around a city, based on three categories: green (without restrictions), yellow (7-day quarantine) and red (14-day quarantine). 36 An application developed in South Korea warns people by text message if they were close to people diagnosed with COVID-19.…”

Section: Development Of Algorithms In Smartphone Applications Helpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID 19 repercussions in ophthalmology: a narrative review

Martins

Martins³

et al. 2021

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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The outbreak of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China, has spread all over the world and has had a great impact on eye care. 1 It is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may have ocular manifestations in some patients. 2 This is a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome of about 30 kb in length. The RNA genome encodes its proteins. The proteins are spike protein S, membrane protein M, envelope protein E and nucleocapsid protein N. Protein S is responsible for attachment to host receptors; protein M helps to shape virus particles and their binding to the nucleocapsid; protein E acts in the assembly of particle release; and protein N acts on genome binding and replication. 3 The new coronavirus shows 96% genetic similarity to the bat-type coronavirus SARS BatCovRaTG13, and its spike surface protein (S) binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface. ACE2 expression can be found in respiratory, intestinal, renal, cardiac and immune cells. Its main transmission routes are through respiratory droplets, fomites and fecal-oral routes. Some patients have had an episode of conjunctivitis before pneumonia, thus raising the hypothesis that the ocular mucosa is a possible transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, since the cornea and conjunctiva show expression of the ACE2 receptor, which is responsible for entry of the virus cells. 4 Presence of the ACE2 infection receptor in the aqueous humor of humans has also been described. 5 ACE2 is a crucial receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in vivo: in an experiment on mice, an injection of SARS-CoV spike worsened acute lung failure in vivo, which was then attenuated by blocking the renin-angiotensin pathway. 6,7 OBJECTIVEThe objective of this narrative review was to summarize the currently available evidence on COVID-19 with regard to its implications for ophthalmology.

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“…For this training phase, an algorithm needs thousands of data to reach acceptable accuracy. (3,4) However, many researchers still cannot explain how the algorithms reached certain conclusions, and this slightly diminishes the confidence of the scientific world in the use of artificial intelligence in Medicine, since we tend to refute what we cannot explain. This term is known as "black box," in which we do not have access to the information of the internal design and implementation of the algorithm.…”

Section: Doi: 1031744/einstein_journal/2021ed6037mentioning

confidence: 99%