“…Past studies have been conducted to examine the role of the NDG approach in various subjects such as English grammar (Cesur, 2019), biology (Ramly et al, 2017), chemistry (Bankole, 2018), and accounting (Jamaluddin et al, 2016), and the benefits of NDG have been confirmed in these studies. In the context of learning Mathematics, several studies have also been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of NDG in learning various topics/subtopics in Mathematics, such as algebra (Michael & Anugwo, 2016), geometric shapes (Chung et al, 2017), geometric lines (Busadee & Klieosinak, 2017), numbers (Elofsson et al, 2016;Scalise et al, 2020), and angle measurement (Vitoria et al, 2020). These studies collectively highlight the positive impact of the NDG approach on learning outcomes in Mathematics across diverse content areas.…”