Teaching Images in Headache: Concurrent Hypercalcemia‐Induced Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Hypercalcemia-Associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

“… 1 Hypercalcemia is rarely associated with PRES and may occur alongside other risk factors such as hypertension and renal failure. 2 The pathophysiology may be due to varying degrees of calcium-induced vasospasm and endothelial injury 2 , 3 however there were no vessel abnormalities to suggest the former in our case. A predominantly parieto-occipital pattern of abnormalities on neuroimaging is classic of PRES 3 while restricted diffusion is associated with incomplete clinical recovery.…”