“…Three levels of interest (Task, Course and Domain) were measured across the course, along with a measure of self-efficacy beliefs at the course level (i.e., consistent with the course's skills development aims), tests of prior knowledge and three formative tests (see supplemental materials, Table 5) were employed in the current research. The Task interest scale was three items in length and drew on items from past Task interest-orientated research where it had presented robust reliability and construct validity (Fryer et al, 2016(Fryer et al, , 2017Fryer & Bovee, 2020; The pre/post Domain interest scale (Renninger & Schofield, 2014) was used recently in four longitudinal studies conducted within university foundation courses as a pilot to the current study. Based on the previous use of the scale and consistent with making the instrument unobtrusive, three items were selected for use in the current study.…”