Teaching Corner: Adult Asthma in Malawi

Coleman, Matthew

doi:10.4314/mmj.v23i1.67679

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…41 Moreover, there is some sturdy evidence strengthening the role for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 derived from T-innate lymphoid cells and T helper (h)-2 cells as precursors for eosinophil-mediated inflammatory reactions in approximately half of asthmatic individuals. 42,43 Consequently, recent evidence has correlated eosinophil-mediated inflammation of airways with poor response to bronchodilator drugs. 44 These findings induced the emergence of IL-5 inhibitors like benralizumab as a unique inhibitor of severe asthma targeting the IL-5 receptor, as well as other cytokines contributing to eosinophilic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and childhood asthma in male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia: Is there a role for leptin, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-21?

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND: Adiposity is associated with high serum levels of adipokines and chemokines which are possibly implicated in a co-existence of obesity and asthma.OBJECTIVES: Elucidate the possible roles of leptin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-21 in linking obesity with childhood asthma.DESIGN: Cross-sectional, analytical.SETTING: Population of schoolchildren in a small Saudi city.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included a representative sample of Saudi schoolchildren grouped as obese asthmatics, non-obese asthmatics, or obese nonasthmatics, with nonobese nonasthmatics as a control group. An asthma control test was done for the asthmatic groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of leptin, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-21.SAMPLE SIZE: 345 male schoolchildren with a mean (SD) age of 13.0 (2.3) years.RESULTS: Median serum leptin concentrations in obese asthmatics were significantly higher than in nonobese asthmatics (P<.001). Uncontrolled asthmatics also had significantly higher leptin levels than controlled asthmatic children (P<.002). Leptin levels were weakly but significantly correlated with the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-21.CONCLUSIONS: Leptin may contribute to a link between obesity and childhood asthma. Differences in IL-21 levels between nonobese and obese asthmatics suggest that the co-existence of asthma and obesity increased IL-21 levels. Leptin plus some proinflammatory cytokines especially IL-21 may be potential predictors for asthma control in children.LIMITATIONS: Blood sampling at different stages of asthma might influence cytokine expression.CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and childhood asthma in male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia: Is there a role for leptin, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-21?

et al. 2019

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“…When the airways are narrowed by bronchoconstriction during an asthma attack, the airflow is reduced, so the PEFR falls. The PEFR may start to fall before the patient is aware of symptoms, so can be useful as an early warning of an asthma attack 25 . In our study group, the subjects are not showing any significant change in PEFR which indicates that, reduction in FEV1/FVC in these subjects is not due to they are developing asthma, but if they are genetically susceptible, an asthma attack would worsen the condition in overweight subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Abdominal Fat on Dynamic Lung Function Tests

Ajmani

Sharma

Kumar

et al. 2012

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Obesity is an important health problem in developing countries particularly in India. Specifically, abdominal obesity is associated with greater health risk than lower body obesity. Obesity is measured using waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). The association between body mass index, waist circumference and dynamic pulmonary function test(PFT) variables indifferent populations shows controversial results. Hence we undertook this study. 120 healthy sedentary employees were taken of 30-40 age groups, who worked in an air conditioned environment of a private motor vehicle showroom, Mangalore, for a minimum of six years. Their anthropometric measurements-height, weight, waist-hip circumference, chest expansion are measured to calculate body mass index, waist-hip ratio and total body fat%. Spirometry was performed after informed consent in all these subjects. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEFR, FEF 25-75 was recorded. When PFT variables of low BMI and overweight BMI group is compared with that of normal BMI group, the result shows inverse relation between BMI, WC and FEV1/FVC which indicates an obstructive airway diseases would worsen the situation in genetically prone high BMI subjects. FEF25-75 varies proportionately with BMI indicates malnutrition unfavorably influences the lung functions.

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“…When the airways are narrowed by bronchoconstriction during an asthma attack, the airflow is reduced, so the PEFR falls. The PEFR may start to fall before the patient is aware of symptoms, and be useful as an early warning of an asthmatic attack 25 . In our study group, the subjects are not showing any significant change in PEFR which indicates that, reduction in FEV1/ FVC in these subjects is not due to developing asthma, but if they are genetically susceptible, an asthma attack would worsen the condition in overweight subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study to Show Changes in Pulmonary Functions Due To Central Obesity

Ajmani

Saluja

2018

AABS

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Background: Obesity is an important health problem in the world, but also growing fast in the developing countries like India. Specifically, centralobesityisassociatedwithgreaterhealthriskthanlowerbodyobesity.Obesityismeasured using waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). The association between body mass index, waist circumference and dynamic pulmonary function test (PFT) varies in different populations and shows controversial results. Methods and Materials: Present study covered 150 healthy sedentary employees of age group (30-40) years, who worked in an air conditioned environment of a private motor vehicle centers at Jabalpur for a minimum of six years. Their anthropometric measurements-height, weight, waist-hip circumference, chest expansion are measured to calculate body mass index, waist-hip ratio and total body fat%. Spirometry was performed after informed consent in all these subjects. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEFR, FEF 25-75 was recorded. Results: When PFT variables of low BMI and overweight BMI group was compared with that of normal BMI group, the result shows inverse relation between BMI, WC and FEV1/FVC which indicates an obstructive airway diseases and it would be worsen in genetically prone high BMI subjects. FEF25-75 varies proportionatelywith increasing BMI indicates deterioratinglungfunctions. Conclusions: An attempt was done to bring awareness about variation of lung functions with increase in BMI and WC. Life style modifications and interventions to keep BMI and WC at normal level might help us in moving forward for eradication of obesity and impairment of pulmonary functions.

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Teaching Corner: Adult Asthma in Malawi

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Obesity and childhood asthma in male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia: Is there a role for leptin, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-21?

Obesity and childhood asthma in male schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia: Is there a role for leptin, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-21?

Effect of Abdominal Fat on Dynamic Lung Function Tests

Study to Show Changes in Pulmonary Functions Due To Central Obesity

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