“…Field trips are widely used in geoscience education around the globe and in several other disciplines, including geography (e.g., Gold et al, 1991;Fuller, 2006), biology (e.g., Smith, 2004;Anderson et al, 2009), archaeology (e.g., Colley, 2003), and in-service teacher training (e.g., Crawford, 2007;Wee et al, 2007;Luera and Murray, 2016). In geoscience, field education is valued for its broad development of knowledge, skills, and scientific and professional identities (e.g., Boyle et al, 2007;Kastens et al, 2009;Whitmeyer et al, 2009;Feig, 2010;Petcovic et al, 2014).…”