Proactivity and morningness have been variables of considerable study. Although many studies have examined the impact of either proactivity or morningness on performance, none have examined the impact of both concurrently. This study examines the relationship between proactivity and morningness empirically, as well as their impact on task performance. Using a pre-/post-test design, 189 students received training in proactive thinking. The training was conducted at two different times of day. The results indicate that proactivity and morningness both accounted for a significant portion of the variance in task performance. Also, the training was more effective when conducted at a time consistent with participants' time-of-day preferences.Few figures in American history are more renowned for their observations of human behavior than Benjamin Franklin. Among Franklin's many memorable sayings is one in which he identified a correlation between proactivity and success: ''God helps them who help themselves'' (Bartlett, 1953, p. 134) and another in which he described a relationship between time of day and success when he stated ''The early bird gets the worm'' (Bartlett, 1953, p. 134).These quotes attest to the observable relationships between individual psychological characteristics and successful task performance, particularly proactivity and temporal preference. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between these characteristics empirically, as well as their impact on task performance. Specifically, we study the effects of proactivity and time-of-day preference on student classroom performance to understand better the impact of time preference on training effectiveness.