Taxonomic study of<i>Malus</i>section<i>Florentinae</i>(Rosaceae)

Qian, Guan-Ze; Lian-fen, Liu; De‐Yuan, Hong; Geng-guo, Tang

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00841.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Huckins, 1972, cited in Robertson et al, 1991. This has been further supported by more recent taxonomic work (Qian et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Natural Facility Of Interspecific Crossing (Extent Steri...supporting

confidence: 65%

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

2022

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 9

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From their first commercialisation in the mid-1990s, genetically engineered crops (also known as "transgenic" or "genetically modified" plants) have been approved for commercial release in an increasing number of countries, for planting, entering in the composition of foods and feeds, or use in industrial processing. The majority of these productions are for soybean, maize, cotton and rapeseed (canola) bearing pest resistance and herbicide tolerance traits, aiming to improve yields and reduce the costs of production. Other transgenic crops that are increasingly grown to date comprise lucerne (alfalfa), sugar beet, sugarcane, papaya, safflower, potato, eggplant, as well as pumpkin, apple and pineapple in smaller areas. Other traits are increasingly introduced in engineered plants, adapting them to biotic or abiotic stress, such as resistance to drought or tolerance to salt in the growing environment, or changing a characteristic, e.g. modified oil content, reduced lignin content, non-browning or nutritional quality (biofortification). Thus, transgenic crops, where adopted and available on the market, enlarge possibilities for farmers, industry and consumers. They can play a part in addressing global concerns such as the rising need for food and feed in the growing population context or the necessary adaptation of agriculture for better resilience to climate change.Modern biotechnologies are applied to plants (crops, flowers and trees) but also animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting genetically engineered organisms, when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, fishery, the food and feed industry, biofuel production or other applications, represents a challenging issue. A scientifically sound approach to their risk assessment should inform biosafety regulators and support national decisions regarding their possible market release. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration and by governments when ready for commercial use, to ensure high safety standards for the environment, human food and animal feed. Such assessments are considered essential for healthy and sustainable agriculture, industry and trade.In 2019, according to the annual report of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, the five main producers of genetically engineered crops were the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India (listed by decreasing area) covering a combined 170 million hectares representing more than 90% of the global transgenic crop area. Among the 29 countries having grown genetically engineered crops in that year, 9 of them were OECD countries, listed by decreasing area as follows: the

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“…Huckins, 1972, cited in Robertson et al, 1991. This has been further supported by more recent taxonomic work (Qian et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Natural Facility Of Interspecific Crossing (Extent Steri...supporting

confidence: 65%

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

2022

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 9

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malus florentina has previously been classified as Crataegus , Pyrus , and Sorbus , but is currently considered to be Malus (Qian et al, 2008). Although sometimes considered a hybrid with other species, its phenotype is within the range observed for Malus (Qian et al, 2008). According to previous data, ITS and matK markers identified M. florentina as related to, but distinct from, species of North American and Chinese origin (Forte et al, 2002), which was consistent with our results (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast heterogeneity and historical admixture within the genus Malus

Volk¹,

Henk²,

Baldo

et al. 2015

American J of Botany

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Chloroplast haplotypes found in M. domestica belong to a single, highly admixed network. Haplotypes shared between the domesticated apple and its progenitors may reflect historical introgression or the retention of ancestral polymorphisms. Multiple individuals should be sampled within Malus species to reveal haplotype heterogeneity, if complex maternal contributions to named species are to be recognized.

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“…Browicz (=Sorbus x florentina (Zucc.) Hedlund), native to Greece (Christensen 1995), although Qian et al (2008) gives convincing evidence that this is a species in its own right (Malus florentina (Zuccagni) C.K. Schneid.…”

Section: Demesurementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service-tree) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Sorbus torminalis is an uncommon, mostly small tree (but can reach 33 m) native to lowland England and Wales, and temperate and Mediterranean regions of mainland Europe. It is the most shade-tolerant member of the genus in the British Isles, and as a result, it is more closely associated with woodland than any other British species. Like other British Sorbus species, however, it grows best where competition for space and sunlight is limited. Seedlings are shade tolerant but adults are only moderately so. This, combined with its low competitive ability, restricts the best growth to open areas. In shade, saplings and young adults form a sapling bank, showing reproduction and extensive growth only when released. Sorbus torminalis tolerates a wide range of soil reaction (pH 3Á5-8Á0) but grows best on calcareous clays and thin soils over limestone. 3. Sorbus torminalis is a sexual, diploid, non-apomictic species that has hybridised with a number of other Sorbus species to form microspecies. The hermaphrodite flowers are primarily insect pollinated. Seed production is reliable only in warm years, especially at the edge of its range, although even then seed viability is low. The fruits are primarily dispersed by carnivorous mammals. Seeds display embryo dormancy but most will germinate the first spring after falling. 4. This tree is very tolerant of short droughts but only moderately tolerant of frost, hence its southerly and lowland distribution. It faces no particular individual threats although the small size of most populations makes it susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly through the loss of open coppiced areas. As a consequence, it appears to be declining throughout Britain and Europe despite its wide range of historical uses and the high value of its timber. The extent to which these losses will be offset by increases due to climate change is unknown.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Wild Service-tree or Chequers/Chequer tree. Rosaceae. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Crataegus torminalis L., Pyrus torminalis (L.) Ehrh., Aria torminalis (L.) Beck., Torminaria clusii Roem., Torminalis clusii (Roem.) Roberts & Phipps) is usually a subordinate, subcanopy tree or shrub of temperate deciduous forests, and more rarely a co-dominant canopy tree reaching 30-33 m. Suckers profusely. Crown narrow when shaded but round, ...

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Taxonomic study ofMalussectionFlorentinae(Rosaceae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Biology of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Chloroplast heterogeneity and historical admixture within the genus Malus

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

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