Taxonomic Significance of Cell-Wall Acyl Type in Corynebacterium-Mycobacterium-Nocardia Group by a Glycolate Test

Uchida, Katsuo; Aida, Kô

doi:10.2323/jgam.25.169

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The concentrations found in the control bacteria were similar to those reported by previous workers (22,23). Strains of Arthrobacter with NAM in their wall peptidoglycan contained only 3.5 nmol of glycolic acid/mg of dried cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Streptomyces walls contain NAM (22,25) but the cell wall aryl type in Streptoverticillium has not been reported. We have determined the cell wall acyl type in a selection of Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium strains of known lysozyme sensitivity in order to provide further information for use in classification and in an attempt to explain lysozyme resistance in Streptoverticillium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.2.1.17, is reported to specifically hydrolyse the repeated (is), 1-4 linkages between N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) in bacterial peptidoglycan. However, some bacteria contain considerable amounts of N-glycolyl muramic acid (NGM) in their peptidoglycan (22,23) and it has been suggested that this component of the glycan may confer resistance to lysozyme (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell wall acyl type in some strains of Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces.

Surrey

Attwell

Cross

1985

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The cell wall acyl type was determined for representative strains from major taxonomic clusters within the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium. Streptomycete strains contained between 2.5 and 7.5 nmol of glycolic acid/mg of cells, confirming previous reports of the presence of an acetyl muramic acid. Streptoverticillium strains contained between 5.0 and 8.0 nmol glycolic acid/mg of cells, indicating that they also have an acetyl rather than glycolyl muramic acid. The findings are discussed in the context of differences in lysozyme sensitivity between members of the two genera and in connection with the mechanism of lysozyme resistance in Streptoverticillum.Strains belonging to the genera Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces exhibit a number of common characteristics. They have a wall chemotype I (1, 2) and DNA rich G±C (3), share high DNA homology values (4-6) and are attacked by the same phages (7, 8). They also contain similar menaquinones (9-11), fatty acids and polar lipids (12, 13). Phenetic classifications (14,15) have also shown a close relationship between the two genera but the very distinctive morphology of the sporulating mycelium in Streptoverticillium (16,17) continues to be used for distinguishing the genera (18,19).We have recently shown (20) that all Streptoverticillium strains tested were able to grow in the presence of lysozyme (468 units/ml). The concentration chosen was within the range used by other workers and allowed comparison with previous work (21). The majority of Streptomyces strains tested were inhibited at the concentration of lysozyme used. Streptomyces strains that were able to grow in the presence of lysozyme belong to cluster 61 of cluster group F (15) which includes Streptomyces lavendulae and Streptoverticillium species, or to cluster-group B (15) named Streptomyces rimosus. Species in the first cluster had already been shown to have a high phenetic relationship with the streptoverticillia (14,15) and the Streptomyces rimosus cluster group was recovered at some 493

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cell wall acyl type in some strains of Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces.

Surrey

Attwell

Cross

1985

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Their observation and the present study suggest that C. equi and C. fascians are rather more closely related to the above genera than to the other corynebacteria. This speculation is also supported by the other chemotaxonomic features of C. equi and C. fascians as shown in Table 2: for example the high moles percent of guanine plus cytosine (G + C) of DNA (18), the glycolate type of the cell wall (22), and the high similarity of DNA homology (23). These results also support the proposal that the bacteria with the cellular fatty acid composition subtypes E and F should be removed from the genus Corynebacterium (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Taxonomic significance of the position of double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids in Corynebacteria.

Suzuki

Kawaguchi

Saito

et al. 1982

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The positions of double bonds in cellular monounsaturated fatty acids isolated from six representative strains of corynebacteria were determined by mass fragmentography. Hexadecenoic acid from Corynebacterium glutamicum CNF 016 and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes CNF 096 was principally the 47 isomer, while octadecenoic acid from these organisms was the 49 isomer. The monounsaturated fatty acids in Corynebacterium diphtheriae CNF 017 and Corynebacterium xerosis CNF 010 consisted mainly of the 4° isomers. In Corynebacterium equi CNF 002 and Corynebacterium fascians CNF 006, hexadecenoic acid was a mixture of 49 and 41° isomers, while octadecenoic acid was composed principally of the 49 isomer. The results suggest that the profiles of double bond location in unsaturated fatty acids are very useful for the taxonomic characterization of corynebacteria.The analysis of the cellular fatty acid composition has often provided useful information for classification and identification of bacteria (1-4). We studied the cellular fatty acid composition of coryneform bacteria and classified it into four types (5). Coryneform bacteria with Type I fatty acid composition contain mainly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with straight chains. Coryneform bacteria with Type II contain iso-and anteiso-fatty acids. The composition of Type III is characterized by the presence of w-cyclohexyl fatty acids (6). Type IV is a complex type found in the members of the coryneform bacteria with LLdiaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan.Present address: Japan Collection

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“…However, for group 1, which has a wide range of DNA base compositions, four strains-Corynebacterium equi CNF 002, Corynebacterium uitarumen CNF 008 (17), Breuibacterium ammoniagenes CNF 012, and Corynebacterium glutamicum CNF 016-were selected as references. Curtobacterium citreum CNF 026 and Curtobacterium testaceum CNF 030 were chosen as references for group 5, in consideration of the fact that the latter is the only glycolate-positive species in group 5 (27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies Among Coryneform Bacteria

Suzuki¹,

Kaneko²,

Komagata³

1981

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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a n d Institute of Physical a n d Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351,2 J a p a n The deoxyribonucleic acid homologies among 33 strains of coryneform bacteria with various cell wall types reflected the previous grouping of these organisms by Yamada and Komagata on the bases of the mode of cell division, principal amino acids in the cell wall, and the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid. In addition, the following four homology clusters were found: (i) six strains of corynebacteria with a glycolyl type of cell wall, (ii) four strains of glutamic acidproducing bacteria, (iii) two strains of Breuibacterium linens, and (iv) three strains of coryneform bacteria containing LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall.The aerobic, nonsporeforming, irregularly shaped, gram-positive rods of the genera Corynebacterium, Arthro bacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacterium (32), Breuibacterium, and Microbacterium are referred to as coryneform bacteria (19). Phenotypic characteristics seem to be of little value in the taxonomy of coryneform bacteria, but chemotaxonomic information on the chemical composition of cells has been useful in this regard. Yamada and Komagata (33) divided coryneform bacteria into seven groups, mainly on the bases of the mode of cell division (14), principal amino acids in the cell wall (30), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition (32). These groupings have subsequently been supported by the cell wall peptidoglycan types (21), the phospholipid compositions of the cells (16), and the menaquinone systems (4, 29) of these organisms. Studies on the DNA homologies of Corynebacterium renale and phenotypically related strains (lo), cheese coryneforms and soil arthrobacters (6), plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria (25), arthrobacters and brevibacteria (23), and cellulomonads (24) have been reported. However, little information is available on the DNA homology of aerobic coryneform bacteria in general.This report deals with DNA homologies among representative strains of coryneform bacteria selected from each of the groups described by Yamada and Komagata (33) and compares the results with the chemotaxonomic characteristics of these organisms. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The bacterial strains studied were selected from those previously studied by Komagata et al. (14) and . A Caseobacter polymorphus strain, a species recently established by Crombach (7), was also studied. The strains studied are listed in Table 1, together with their strain numbers, several corresponding culture collection designations, and their chemotaxonomic profiles. Names which are not on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, 1980 (22) are enclosed within quotation marks.As references for the DNA homology experiments, generally one strain was chosen from each group. However, for group 1, which has a wide range of DNA base compositions, four strains-Corynebacterium equi CNF 002, Corynebacterium uitarumen CNF 008 (17), Breuibacterium ammoniagenes CNF 012, and Corynebacterium glutamicum CNF 016-were selected as referenc...

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Taxonomic Significance of Cell-Wall Acyl Type in Corynebacterium-Mycobacterium-Nocardia Group by a Glycolate Test

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Cell wall acyl type in some strains of Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces.

Cell wall acyl type in some strains of Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces.

Taxonomic significance of the position of double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids in Corynebacteria.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies Among Coryneform Bacteria

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