Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

Abstract

In this article, the subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 is diagnosed within the tribe Deltochilini Lacordaire, 1856 and redefined with three species: 1) C. (Goniocanthon) bicolor Castelnau, 1840, from the Guyanas and northern South America, included for the first time in this subgenus; 2) C. (G.) smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781), including two subspecies, C. (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus, senior synonym of Canthon speculifer Castelnau, 1840 (neotype here designated), from the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest and C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt stat. rev. (lectotype here designated) from the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest; 3) C. (G.) fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868, which includes three subspecies, C. (G.) fulgidus fulgidus from the southern Amazon (lectotype here designated), C. (G.) fulgidus martinezi subsp. nov., from the central and southern Amazon and C. (G.) fulgidus pereirai subsp. nov., from the western Amazon.

Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records

“…Nunes et al (2018: 9) mentioned this subspecies was recorded in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. According to our data, there are no other records of this species in the collections listed.…”

“…Canthon (Goniocanthon) fulgidusmartinezi Nunes, Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018. The holotype is deposited at the CEMT (see Nunes et al 2018: 15). Locality: Francisco de Orellana, Rodrigo Borja, IAMOE, Ecuador, not examined.…”

“…ORELLANA: Francisco de Orellana (Nunes et al 2018: 15); PUCE Yasuni, 250 m (Nunes et al 2018: 15); Parque Nacional Yasuni (Nunes et al 2018: 15); Mid. Rio Tiputini, Yasuni Res.…”

Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

“…However, there is a close external resemblance between the two subgenera (Peltecanthon and Goniocanthon), but we cannot conclude at this point whether this resemblance is due to morphological convergence or common ancestry. However, despite their colour and dorsal resemblance, one can readily distinguish the two genera by looking at the pygidium (flat in Peltecanthon, strongly convex in Goniocanthon) and metafemora (claviform in Peltecanthon, regular in Goniocanthon) (Nunes et al 2018). Both characters are very useful in avoiding misidentification, especially between C. (Peltecanthon) staigi and C. (Goniocanthon) smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781), both blue-coloured species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.…”

Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

“…Initially, we investigated the possibility that the populations of southeast Bahia could represent a different species than S. opatroides, but our results show that this is probably not the case, since no other morphological or phenological features were shown to vary along with the ventral colouration. Indeed, for some yet unknown reason, dung beetle populations in the Atlantic Forest, especially in its more or less northern half, seem to be particularly prone to exhibit geographical colour variation, and some species such as Sylvicanthon obscurus (Schmidt, 1920) , Canthon (Goniocanthon) smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781) (Nunes et al 2018) and Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) splendidulus (Fabricius, 1781) (Edmonds 1994;Edmonds & Zídek 2012; and personal observations (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂.…”