Taxonomic reassessment of the Pareas margaritophorus-macularius species complex (Squamata, Pareidae)

Vogel, Gernot; Tan, Nguyen; Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte; Biakzuala, Lal; Hrima, Vanlal; Poyarkov, Nikolay A.

doi:10.26049/vz70-4-2020-02

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…2 ). In P. margaritophorus group our results fully agree with the data of Vogel et al (2020) in recognizing P. andersonii , P. modestus , and P. macularius as species distinct from P. margaritophorus . Moreover we report on a deep divergence between the two samples of P. macularius from Myanmar and Laos with p -distances of 11.5% in cyt b gene and 10.4% in ND4 gene ( Tables S7 and S8 ); the divergence between these populations is estimated as ca.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…To infer the phylogenetic relationships among the Pareinae we obtained partial sequence data of cytochrome b (cyt b ) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 ( ND4 ) mtDNA genes, as well as two nuclear genes: oocyte maturation factor mos ( c-mos ) and recombination activating gene 1 ( RAG1 ). These genetic markers have been widely applied in studies of Pareidae diversity and phylogenetic relationships ( e.g ., Guo et al, 2011 ; You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015 ; Deepak, Ruane & Gower, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Vogel et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Ding et al, 2020 ). Total genomic DNA was extracted from muscle or liver tissue samples preserved in 95% ethanol using standard phenol-chloroform-proteinase K (final concentration 1 mg/ml) extraction procedures with consequent isopropanol precipitation (protocols followed Russell & Sambrook, 2001 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The examined comparative material is listed in Appendix S2 . For comparison with other taxa, we also relied on previously published data ( e.g ., Theobald, 1868b ; Bourret, 1934 ; Pope, 1935 ; Smith, 1943 ; Taylor, 1965 ; Guo & Zhao, 2004 ; Guo & Deng, 2009 ; Stuebing, Inger & Lardner, 2014 ; You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015 , Vogel, 2015 ; Hauser, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Vogel et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Bhosale et al, 2020 ; Liu & Rao, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). Other abbreviations used: Prov.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subfamily Pareinae had a turbulent taxonomic history ( David & Vogel, 1996 ; Rao & Yang, 1992 ) with recent works ( Grossmann & Tillack, 2003 ; Guo et al, 2011 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Vogel et al, 2020 , 2021 ) recognizing three genera: Pareas Wagler, 1830 with 24 species (type species: Pareas carinatus Wagler, 1830 ); Asthenodipsas Peters, 1864 with nine species (type species: Asthenodipsas malaccana [ Peters, 1864 ]), and a monotypic genus Aplopeltura Duméril, 1853 (type species: Aplopeltura boa [ Boie, 1828 ]). Two genus-level nomens, namely Eberhardtia Angel, 1920 (type species: Eberhardtia tonkinensis Angel, 1920 , regarded as a synonym of Pareas formosensis [Van Denburgh, 1909] by Ding et al, 2020 ) and Internatus Yang & Rao, 1992 (type species: Asthenodipsas leavis [Boie, 1827]) are presently considered junior synonyms of the genera Pareas and Asthenodipsas , respectively (see Grossmann & Tillack, 2003 ; Wallach, Williams & Boundy, 2014 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Vogel et al, 2020 , 2021 ). Several recent phylogenetic studies suggested that the genus Pareas consists of two highly divergent major clades and is paraphyletic with respect to Aplopeltura or Asthenodipsas ( Guo et al, 2011 ; Pyron et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent taxonomic studies have demonstrated that the species diversity of Pareinae is still underestimated ( e.g ., Vogel, 2015 ; Hauser, 2017 ; Quah et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Quah, Lim & Grismer, 2021 ; Le et al, 2021 ). The high degree of morphological similarity among closely related taxa of Pareinae often makes species delineation in slug snakes quite challenging ( Guo & Deng, 2009 ; Vogel, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), suggesting that the molecular data represent an effective tool to help untangle taxonomic controversies when morphological analyses yield inconsistent results ( You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015 ; Loredo et al, 2013 ; Vogel et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Bhosale et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Liu & Rao, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Application of the integrative taxonomic approach combining evidence from morphological and molecular data resulted in the discovery of several previously unnoticed taxa and allowed to revise several species complexes, including the Pareas hamptoni complex ( You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015 ; Bhosale et al, 2020 ; Ding et al, 2020 ; Liu & Rao, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), the P. margaritophorus complex ( Vogel et al, 2020 ; Suntrarachun et al, 2020 ), and the P. monticola complex ( Vogel et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrative taxonomic revision of slug-eating snakes (Squamata: Pareidae: Pareineae) reveals unprecedented diversity in Indochina

Poyarkov

Nguyen

Pawangkhanant

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Slug-eating snakes of the subfamily Pareinae are an insufficiently studied group of snakes specialized in feeding on terrestrial mollusks. Currently Pareinae encompass three genera with 34 species distributed across the Oriental biogeographic region. Despite the recent significant progress in understanding of Pareinae diversity, the subfamily remains taxonomically challenging. Here we present an updated phylogeny of the subfamily with a comprehensive taxon sampling including 30 currently recognized Pareinae species and several previously unknown candidate species and lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA and nuDNA data supported the monophyly of the three genera Asthenodipsas, Aplopeltura, and Pareas. Within both Asthenodipsas and Pareas our analyses recovered deep differentiation with each genus being represented by two morphologically diagnosable clades, which we treat as subgenera. We further apply an integrative taxonomic approach, including analyses of molecular and morphological data, along with examination of available type materials, to address the longstanding taxonomic questions of the subgenus Pareas, and reveal the high level of hidden diversity of these snakes in Indochina. We restrict the distribution of P. carinatus to southern Southeast Asia, and recognize two subspecies within it, including one new subspecies proposed for the populations from Thailand and Myanmar. We further revalidate P. berdmorei, synonymize P. menglaensis with P. berdmorei, and recognize three subspecies within this taxon, including the new subspecies erected for the populations from Laos and Vietnam. Furthermore, we describe two new species of Pareas from Vietnam: one belonging to the P. carinatus group from southern Vietnam, and a new member of the P. nuchalis group from the central Vietnam. We provide new data on P. temporalis, and report on a significant range extension for P. nuchalis. Our phylogeny, along with molecular clock and ancestral area analyses, reveal a complex diversification pattern of Pareinae involving a high degree of sympatry of widespread and endemic species. Our analyses support the “upstream” colonization hypothesis and, thus, the Pareinae appears to have originated in Sundaland during the middle Eocene and then colonized mainland Asia in early Oligocene. Sundaland and Eastern Indochina appear to have played the key roles as the centers of Pareinae diversification. Our results reveal that both vicariance and dispersal are responsible for current distribution patterns of Pareinae, with tectonic movements, orogeny and paleoclimatic shifts being the probable drivers of diversification. Our study brings the total number of Pareidae species to 41 and further highlights the importance of comprehensive taxonomic revisions not only for the better understanding of biodiversity and its evolution, but also for the elaboration of adequate conservation actions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%