Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae from Northern Pakistan

Abstract

Spore morphology of Thelypteridaceae species growing in Malakand Division, Northern Pakistan, was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The taxa are Christella dentata and Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae, and Phegopteris connectilis, Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis, and Pseudophegopteris levingei in the subfamily Phegopteridoideae. The studied species exhibit differences in spore size, exospore thickness, color, and ornamentation. Spores of the studied species are monolete and medium‐sized, and shape is ellipsoidal in both polar and equatorial views. The average measurement of the polar diameter ranges from 27 μm to 31 μm, whereas in the equatorial direction it varied from 20 μm to 40 μm. The exospore thickness ranges from 1.2 μm to 2.4 μm. Reticulate, laevigate with microgranules, cristate, and coarsely echinate surface ornamentation are observed among the species. Multivariate analysis including unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis was used for the grouping and discrimination of species and genera.

Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques

“…Previous studies adopted microscopic techniques for addition of new species record, plant systematics, anatomical, micro, and macro morphological studies and finding variations among medicinal plants authenticity (Bahadur et al, ; Bahadur et al, ; David, Ain, Ahmad, Zaman, & Jahan, ; Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi & Zaman, ; Raei Niaki et al, ; Shah, Ahmad, Zafar, & Zaman, ; Shah et al, ; Shah et al, ; Shah et al, ; Shah et al, : Ullah et al, ). To introduce new species in Pakistan flora, the taxonomist and scientists contributed in this regard.…”

“…Previous studies adopted microscopic techniques for addition of new species record, plant systematics, anatomical, micro, and macro morphological studies and finding variations among medicinal plants authenticity Bahadur et al, 2019;David, Ain, Ahmad, Zaman, & Jahan, 2019;Esfandani-Bozchaloyi & Zaman, 2018;Raei Niaki et al, 2019;Shah et al, 2019a;Shah et al, 2019b;Shah et al, 2019 anomocytic type and oval shape. Nonglandular trichomes (NGTs) were three cells long, whereas glandular trichomes were noted as capitate glandular trichomes at the abaxial surface ( Figure 3).…”

Leaf and stem micromorphology of Byrsonima sericea DC. by light and scanning electron microscopy

“…Micromorphological studies using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have been used as important tools in systematic and vascular plant taxonomy. The use of multiple microscopic techniques has allowed plant identifications and the resolution of taxonomic problems in different plant groups, including ferns (Shah et al, 2018; Shah, Ahmad, et al, ; Shah, Celik, et al, ) and angiosperms (Attar et al, ; Ullah, Nasar Shah, et al, ; Ullah, Zaman, et al, ; Gul et al, ; ; Kandemir, Çelik, Ullah, Shah, & Zaman, ). Additionally, microscopic techniques have supported the identification of medicinal plants, such as the work by Shaheen et al (2019), who studied cases of adulteration with Senna .…”

“…Leaf anatomical studies can be important tools for the quality control of drugs and ethnodrugs, the identification of species, and for the taxonomy of ferns and angiosperms-as was demonstrated by Araújo, Azevedo, Silva, and Meira (2010) for 16 species of Byrsonima from the Brazilian Cerrado, by Porto, Figueiredo, Oliveira, and Agra (2011) and Porto, de Barros, Basílio, and Agra (2016), both for the genus Cissampelos, by Shah et al (2018), Shah, Ahmad, et al (2019), Shah, Celik, et al (2018), who studied the taxonomic importance of leaf epidermis in Pteridaceae, by Attar, Esfandani-Bozchaloyi, Mirtadzadini, Ullah, and Zaman (2019) and by Ullah et al (2018), Ullah, Nasar Shah, et al, 2019, who examined the leaf anatomy and the pollen morphology in species of Cynoglosseae tribe of Boraginaceae, and by Gul et al (2019a;2019b), who undertook anatomic studies in the Lamiaceae family, inter alia.…”

“…Micromorphological studies using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have been used as important tools in systematic and vascular plant taxonomy. The use of multiple microscopic techniques has allowed plant identifications and the resolution of taxonomic problems in different plant groups, including ferns Shah, Ahmad, et al, 2019;Shah, Celik, et al, 2018) and angiosperms (Attar et al, 2019;Ullah, Nasar Shah, et al, 2019;Gul et al, 2019a;2019b;Kandemir, Çelik, Ullah, Shah, & Zaman, 2019 Considering the importance of B. sericea in folk medicine and as a food source for humans, we undertook a study of its leaf anatomy and histochemistry using LM and SEM to determine differential parameters that could support quality control of its ethnodrugs and separate B. sericea from other species of the genus.…”