Taxonomic Diversity of Recent Bivalves and Some Implications for Geology

Stehli, F. G.; McAlester, A. Lee; Helsley, Charles E.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[455:tdorba]2.0.co;2

Cited by 118 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Thorson, (1957) had earlier showed that species numbers of nudibranchs and amphipods increased in numbers from the Arctic to the Boreal and to the tropics. Likewise Stehli et al (1967Stehli et al ( , 1969 had shown similar trends for species numbers of bivalves. Thus the latitudinal gradient of increasing species richness from Arctic to tropics had been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Marine diversity: the paradigms in patterns of species richness examined

Gray¹

2001

Sci. Mar.

171

136

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SUMMARY:The two central paradigms of marine diversity are that there is a latitudinal cline of increasing species richness from poles to tropics and that species richness increases with depth to a maximum around 2,000 m and thereafter decreases. However, these paradigms were based on data collected in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Here I show that the 1960's data, are not representative and thus the paradigms need re-examination. New data from coastal areas in the northern hemisphere record species richness as high as the highest recorded in the deep-sea. Whilst this suggests that the cline of increasing diversity from shallow to deep-sea does not exist, however, the database for the deep sea is not sufficient to draw such a conclusion. The basic problem with the data from the 1960s is that samples were taken on ecological scales and yet they are used to answer evolutionary questions. The questions that such data were to answer were why do the tropics have higher species richness than polar regions or why do deep-sea sediments have more species than coastal sediments? Evolutionary questions need data from much larger spatial areas. Recently, data representative of large scales have been collected from coastal areas in the northern hemisphere and show that there is a cline of increasing species richness from the Arctic to the tropics, but there does not yet seem to be a similar cline in the southern hemisphere. A number of hypotheses have been proposed for the observed patterns in biodiversity. In terrestrial ecology the energy-productivity hypothesis has gained wide acceptance as an explanation for the latitudinal gradient. Here I examine this and other hypotheses critically. Finally an analysis of research priorities is made. Assessment is urgently needed of the spatial scales and dynamics of species richness from point samples to assemblages, habitats and landscapes, especially in coastal areas and in the tropics, where the threats to biodiversity are greatest. New technologies are available, such as side-scan sonar, acoustics, and under-water digital video cameras but as yet have been relatively little used. Conservation of marine biodiversity must be based on sound theory, yet marine diversity studies lag well behind those of terrestrial habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Marine diversity: the paradigms in patterns of species richness examined

Gray¹

2001

Sci. Mar.

171

136

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“…While some studies on coastal soft-bottom benthic faunas have failed to demonstrate any clear relationship of diversity to latitude (Gaines & Lubchenco 1982, Hicks & Coull 1983, Warwick & Ruswahyuni 1987, Kendall & Aschan 1993, Dauvin et al 1994, Boucher & Lambshead 1995, Ellingsen & Gray 2002, Mokievsky & Azovsky 2002, many others have demonstrated a polewards decline in diversity (Thorson 1957, Fischer 1960, Stehli et al 1967, Sanders 1969, Roy et al 1994, Macpherson 2002. Moreover, similar gradients have been described in open-ocean pelagic communities (Reid et al 1978, Angel 1993, McGowan & Walker 1993, Dodge & Marshall 1994, Macpherson 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Large-scale biodiversity pattern of Cumacea (Peracarida: Crustacea) in the deep Atlantic

Gage¹,

Lambshead²,

Bishop³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In marine studies, the search for evidence of declining species richness with progression from equatorial to polar environments, a change that would parallel terrestrial patterns, has been a dominant theme (Gray 2001). However, although evidence of declining diversity with increasing latitude has been found in several Northern Hemisphere studies, mostly of benthic organisms (Stehli et al 1967, Rex et al 1993, Roy et al 1998, results from Southern Hemisphere studies have been much less convincing (Clarke 1992, Gray et al 1997. There is also conflicting evidence about relationships between species richness and depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Variation in demersal fish species richness in the oceans surrounding New Zealand: an analysis using boosted regression trees

Leathwick¹,

Elith²,

Francis³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

497

366

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We analysed relationships between demersal fish species richness, environment and trawl characteristics using an extensive collection of trawl data from the oceans around New Zealand. Analyses were carried out using both generalised additive models and boosted regression trees (sometimes referred to as 'stochastic gradient boosting'). Depth was the single most important environmental predictor of variation in species richness, with highest richness occurring at depths of 900 to 1000 m, and with a broad plateau of moderately high richness between 400 and 1100 m. Richness was higher both in waters with high surface concentrations of chlorophyll a and in zones of mixing of water bodies of contrasting origins. Local variation in temperature was also important, with lower richness occurring in waters that were cooler than expected given their depth. Variables describing trawl length, trawl speed, and cod-end mesh size made a substantial contribution to analysis outcomes, even though functions fitted for trawl distance and cod-end mesh size were constrained to reflect the known performance of trawl gear. Species richness declined with increasing cod-end mesh size and increasing trawl speed, but increased with increasing trawl distance, reaching a plateau once trawl distances exceed about 3 nautical miles. Boosted regression trees provided a powerful analysis tool, giving substantially superior predictive performance to generalized additive models, despite the fitting of interaction terms in the latter.

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Taxonomic Diversity of Recent Bivalves and Some Implications for Geology

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Marine diversity: the paradigms in patterns of species richness examined

Marine diversity: the paradigms in patterns of species richness examined

Large-scale biodiversity pattern of Cumacea (Peracarida: Crustacea) in the deep Atlantic

Variation in demersal fish species richness in the oceans surrounding New Zealand: an analysis using boosted regression trees

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