Large-scale biodiversity pattern of Cumacea (Peracarida: Crustacea) in the deep Atlantic

Gage, John; Lambshead, P. J. D.; Bishop, John D. D.; Stuart, Carol T.; Jones, Norman

doi:10.3354/meps277181

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…; Gage et al . ), diversity decreases with increasing latitude in the North Atlantic. Yet, the peak in deep‐sea nematode diversity occurs at boreal latitudes (Mokievsky & Azovsky ).…”

Section: Deep‐sea Alpha‐ and Beta‐diversity Is Controlled By Productimentioning

confidence: 88%

On some hypotheses of diversity of animal life at great depths on the sea floor

2015

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Multiple hypotheses have emerged to explain the apparent paradox of high diversity of the deep-sea benthos when the environmental conditions are often predicted to inhibit rather than promote diversity. Many fundamental facets of these paradigms remain incompletely understood despite being central to understanding how deep-sea ecosystems, and more generally all ecosystems, function. Here, we examine nine major paradigms of deep-sea diversity that deserve, in our opinion, a fresh research impetus. We purposely challenge many of these ideas to generate dialogue and encourage further research. Some of the axiomatic predictions of these paradigms are: (i) the deep sea is highly diverse; (ii) stable environments reduce competition; (iii) species have finely partitioned niches; (iv) biological cropping promotes diversity; (v) disturbance controls diversity; (vi) patch mosaics structure assemblages; (vii) productivity controls diversity; (viii) recovery from disturbance is slow; and (ix) the deep sea is notoriously under-sampled. We critically examine the evidence for each of these predictions and highlight areas where knowledge gaps exist and linkages to general ecological theory should occur. We conclude each section with ideas about questions and hypotheses that may fruitfully be tackled in future projects.

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“…; Gage et al . ), diversity decreases with increasing latitude in the North Atlantic. Yet, the peak in deep‐sea nematode diversity occurs at boreal latitudes (Mokievsky & Azovsky ).…”

Section: Deep‐sea Alpha‐ and Beta‐diversity Is Controlled By Productimentioning

confidence: 88%

On some hypotheses of diversity of animal life at great depths on the sea floor

2015

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“…Svavarsson et al 1993) and with a high degree of endemism (Gage et al 2004;Stuart and Rex 2009). Similarities to the Polar Basin indicate a possible connection between the faunas of the northernmost Pacific and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas (Rapp 2004;MacDonald et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicomache (Loxochona) lokii sp. nov. (Annelida: Polychaeta: Maldanidae) from the Loki’s Castle vent field: an important structure builder in an Arctic vent system

Kongsrud

Rapp

2011

Polar Biol

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The discovery of the Loki's Castle vent field at 2,350 m depth on the Arctic mid-ocean ridge in 2008 represents the first known black smoker vent system in the Arctic region. Preliminary results on the benthic invertebrates collected at Loki's Castle indicate the presence of an endemic fauna dominated by tube-building polychaetes, melitid amphipods and gastropods. Here, we formally describe and investigate the ecological role of a new maldanid species, Nicomache (Loxochona) lokii sp. nov., a species found to be particularly common and regarded as a keystone species in this vent system. The description of the new species is supplemented with a DNA barcode. The subgenus N. (Loxochona) includes at present six nominal species, and the new species described herein is the fourth species associated with reducing habitats. A table with diagnostic characters for all species referred to the subgenus is provided. The new species builds tubes up to a length of 20 cm or more, tightly fastened to the substratum. Together with other tube-building species, N. (L.) lokii sp. nov. form a complex three-dimensional habitat for a number of free-living invertebrates. Based on the morphology of the foregut, the microbial community in the gut and the stable isotope values found for this species, it is concluded that it acts as a grazer in this vent system.

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“…have been found in the eastern North Atlantic for the macrofauna and polychaetes (Paterson & Lambshead 1995), the tropical Atlantic for polychaetes (Cosson-Sarradin et al 1998), and the Southern Ocean for isopods (Brandt et al 2004), not all diversity-depth patterns are unimodal (Allen & Sanders 1996;Rex et al 1997;Stuart et al 2003;Gage et al 2004). For example, diversities of foraminiferans in the North American Basin (Buzas & Gibson 1969) and bivalves in the West European Basin (Allen & Sanders 1996;Olabarria 2005) increase with depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bathymetric patterns of deep‐sea gastropod species diversity in 10 basins of the Atlantic Ocean and Norwegian Sea

Stuart

Rex

2009

Marine Ecology

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Bathymetric patterns of macrofaunal species diversity are best documented in the western North Atlantic where diversity is a unimodal function of depth, peaking in the mid‐bathyal zone and being depressed in the upper slope and abyss. There are few inter‐basin studies of diversity‐depth trends that are controlled for taxonomy, sampling gear, and diversity measures. In this paper, we compare gastropod diversity gradients in the North American Basin of the Atlantic to estimates of diversity in 9 other regions: the Norwegian Sea, West European Basin, Guiana Basin, Gambia Basin, Equatorial Mid‐Atlantic, Brazil Basin, Angola Basin, Cape Basin and Argentine Basin. All samples were collected with epibenthic sleds, and diversity calculated by the Sanders‐Hurlbert normalized expected number of species. While sampling in other regions is generally less complete than in the western North Atlantic, results indicate that a unimodal pattern is not universal. Diversity can increase, decrease or show no relationship with depth. The level of diversity also varies among basins relative to the western North Atlantic, being depressed in the Norwegian Sea, at bathyal depths in the eastern North Atlantic, and below an oxygen minimum zone in the Cape Basin, and generally elevated at tropical latitudes and in abyssal regions where food supply is high. Associations between gastropod diversity and the ecology and geology of basins suggest that productivity, oxygen concentration, hydrographic disturbance and evolutionary‐historical processes may be implicated in shaping bathymetric diversity gradients, but specific causes are difficult to discern. Much more intensive sampling, analyses of other major taxa, and more detailed ecological data are necessary to understand deep‐sea biogeography at within‐ and between‐basin spatial scales.

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Large-scale biodiversity pattern of Cumacea (Peracarida: Crustacea) in the deep Atlantic

Cited by 34 publications

References 101 publications

On some hypotheses of diversity of animal life at great depths on the sea floor

On some hypotheses of diversity of animal life at great depths on the sea floor

Nicomache (Loxochona) lokii sp. nov. (Annelida: Polychaeta: Maldanidae) from the Loki’s Castle vent field: an important structure builder in an Arctic vent system

Bathymetric patterns of deep‐sea gastropod species diversity in 10 basins of the Atlantic Ocean and Norwegian Sea

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