Taxonomic composition, paleoecology and biostratigraphy of Late Cretaceous diatoms from Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic

Witkowski, Jakub; Harwood, David M.; Chin, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.009

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The preservation of lamination is consistent with the anoxic bottom waters of a silled Arctic basin with only shallow water connections to the world ocean through the Turgay Strait, the Fram Strait and the narrowing Western Interior Seaway (Hay, 2008). The slightly older, shallower water, coastal and shelf sequences in Canadian Arctic Islands show evidence for widespread diatom productivity and the presence of a vigorous marine ecosystem (Chin et al, 2008;Witkowski et al, 2011). The Late Cretaceous Arctic summers were temperate, but there is widespread evidence for freezing winter temperatures from fossil leaf analysis (Spicer and Herman, 2010;Tomsich et al, 2010) possible frosts from tree rings (Falcon-Lang et al, 2004) and vertebrate enamels (Amiot et al, 2004).…”

Section: Cesar 6 Core From the Alpha Ridgementioning

confidence: 68%

“…15 of Witkowski et al, 2011). A more oceanic setting for the CESAR 6 can be corroborated with the greater diversity and abundance of Hemiaulus, which currently dominates blooms in oligotrophic oceanic settings (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…P. crenulata is concentrated within terrigenous laminae in the Marca Shale suggesting that it was also tychoplanktonic at this time and was transported offshore during strong physical mixing events, likely associated with the summer convective thunderstorms. Notably, Paralia is not found in the CESAR 6 sequence, reinforcing the latter's distal pelagic setting although it is a dominant taxon in the coastal and shelf sequences of the Canadian high Arctic and Islands (Witkowski et al, 2011).…”

Section: Tychoplanktonic and Near-shore Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In earlier publications we reported the main elements of the Late Cretaceous seasonal cycle and the results of time series analysis of inter-annual to decadal scale climate variability Davies et al, 2011;Davies et al, 2012). In this contribution we report the complete floral compositions of the two sections together with more detailed speciesbased diatom ecological interpretations and place these in a palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic context that complements recent palaeoecological studies of the Late Cretaceous from shallower coastal water environments of the Canadian Arctic (Chin et al, 2008;Witkowski et al, 2011). 4…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such interpretations are also complemented by judgements based on morphological features, (e.g. chain formation), sedimentary facies associations and geographic distribution as well as palaeontological and palaeoecological data from other groups (for example in the studies of Chin et al, 2008;Witkowski et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Bases For Palaeoecological Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

Davies

Kemp

2016

Cretaceous Research

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Laminated diatom-rich marine sediments from California and the Arctic Ocean provide a window into the seasonal climate and oceanography of the mid-and high-latitude Late Cretaceous. These remarkable shallow-buried sediments constitute palaeo-sediment traps that record exceptionally well-preserved sequential biogenic and lithogenic flux events. Many of the diatom laminae are composed of a few dominant taxa, and we use a species-based approach for palaeoecological interpretation. Contrary to many earlier interpretations, results indicate that both sites preserve a major flux of taxa adapted to exploit a strongly stratified ocean. The uppermost Maastrichtian Marca Shale of California records a seasonal cycle initiated with a spring bloom flux of diatom resting spores followed by a summer lithogenic sediment input likely driven by monsoonal storms providing river runoff and aeolian input. This is followed by a dominant diatom flux of species that thrived in the summer stratification in deep chlorophyll maxima and were sedimented in the fall when this stratification broke down. Dominant taxa comprising this group include Hemiaulus, Stephanopyxis, Stellarima and Rhizosolenia. The uppermost Campanian CESAR 6 core from the Arctic Alpha Ridge, records a spring bloom flux of resting spores followed by a more dominant summer and fall flux of diatom vegetative cells which were likely concentrated in subsurface summer blooms that generated a "summer export pulse" and by the breakdown of stratification in the fall that gave massive flux of deep chlorophyll maxima species in the fall dump. The dominance and diversity of Hemiaulus in the CESAR 6 core together with widespread evidence of N 2 -fixation may indicate that some diatom blooms were powered by intracellular N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria as in the modern oligotrophic ocean. Thin lenses of fine lithogenic sediment that occur mostly in the spring layer represent rafting by winter sea ice and support other evidence that suggests intermittent winter freezing in the Late Cretaceous Arctic.Keywords: Late Cretaceous; Diatom blooms; Paleoecology; California; Arctic; Sea Ice 3 1.Introduction Laminated pelagic and hemipelagic marine sediments often constitute "palaeosediment traps" that preserve sequential flux events from which the ancient seasonal flux cycle may be reconstructed. They commonly preserve both the biogenic flux events from surface ocean productivity and also the terrigenous sediment input common in hemipelagic or marginal settings. Within rare, exceptionally well-preserved Cretaceous sediments, fossil diatom algae record the seasonal cycle of marine production and flux to the sea bed. In the modern ocean diatom algae are the dominant, bloom-forming phytoplankton in many environments and are key players in the marine biological carbon pump. The relative contribution of diatoms to total primary production has been estimated to range from 35% in the oligotrophic oceans to 75% in the coastal zone and in the Antarctic (Nelson et al., 1995), while their contribution...

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Section: Cesar 6 Core From the Alpha Ridgementioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Tychoplanktonic and Near-shore Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Bases For Palaeoecological Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

Davies

Kemp

2016

Cretaceous Research

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Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World

Suzuki

Oba

2015

Marine Protists

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The oldest marine protist fossil goes back 1.8 Ga (Statherian, Paleoproterozoic), and the oldest dinosterane biomarkers 1.6 Ga (Calymmian, Mesoproterozoic). The probable heterotrophic agglutinated microfossil appeared when marine metazoans appeared in the Ediacaran. Multichambered foraminifers appeared around the start of biomineralization in Small Shelly Fossils in the early Cambrian. The fi rst fossilizable radiolarian polycystine is likely to have appeared in the period of the Cambrian Explosion. After the initial appearance period, the emergence of fossilizable skeleton formative ability was concentrated in fi ve short geological time intervals: (1) the Middle to Late Devonian for calcareous benthic foraminifers; (2) the Carnian to the Rhaetian (Triassic) for the "switching on" of fossilizable dinofl agellate cysts, nannoliths, coccoliths and calcareous cysts, and probably the molecular appearance of diatoms; (3) the Toarcian-Aalenian Ages for diversifi ed dinofl agellates and coccolithophores, the establishment of symbiosis in radiolarian Acantharia and the appearance of planktic lifestyle in foraminifers; (4) the Albian-Maastrichtian Ages for the rapid accumulation of coccolithophores, the start of skeletogenesis both in silicofl agellates and marine centric diatoms, molecular appearance of both araphid and raphid diatoms, and the appearance of fossilizable araphid diatoms; and (5) the middle to late Eocene for the appearance of fossilizable raphid diatoms and radiolarian colonial collodarians and the continuous occurrences of ebridians. The establishment of the modern-type marine protist world was concluded in the late Eocene by the appearance of collodarians, the continuous occurrences of ebridians, and the substituted silicon precipitation marine protists as diatoms.

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First report on vertebrate coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of Iharkút, Hungary

Segesdi

Botfalvai

Bodor

et al. 2017

Cretaceous Research

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Taxonomic composition, paleoecology and biostratigraphy of Late Cretaceous diatoms from Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic

Cited by 40 publications

References 56 publications

Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

Late Cretaceous seasonal palaeoclimatology and diatom palaeoecology from laminated sediments

Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World

First report on vertebrate coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) Csehbánya Formation of Iharkút, Hungary

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