Taxonomic Classification of Human Hepatitis B Virus

Gust, Ian D.; Burrell, Christopher J.; Coulepis, A G; Robinson, William S.; Zuckerman, Arie J.

doi:10.1159/000149651

Cited by 71 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The smallest known DNA virus is the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is 3.2 kb long and contains four open reading frames (ORFs) that encode the surface antigens, the core proteins, a polymerase, and an X protein [1, 2]. Together with the duck HBV (DHBV), the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), and the ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), they form a family of DNA viruses called the hepadnaviruses [3]. The genome size of RNA viruses is generally shorter than that of DNA viruses and ranges approximately from 2 to 31 kb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

Huang¹,

2010

Advances in Bioinformatics

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Human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest RNA virus in genome. HDV genome is divided into a viroid-like sequence and a protein-coding sequence which could have originated from different resources and the HDV genome was eventually constituted through RNA recombination. The genome subsequently diversified through accumulation of mutations selected by interactions between the mutated RNA and proteins with host factors to successfully form the infectious virions. Therefore, we propose that the conservation of HDV nucleotide sequence is highly related with its functionality. Genome analysis of known HDV isolates shows that the C-terminal coding sequences of large delta antigen (LDAg) are the highest diversity than other regions of protein-coding sequences but they still retain biological functionality to interact with the heavy chain of clathrin can be selected and maintained. Since viruses interact with many host factors, including escaping the host immune response, how to design a program to predict RNA genome evolution is a great challenging work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

Huang¹,

2010

Advances in Bioinformatics

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“…These viruses have been classified within the family Hepadnaviridae (Gust et al, 1986) and share the following properties: 1. 42-47 nm spherical double-shelled virion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, viruses similar to HBV have been found in woodchucks, ground squirrels and Pekin ducks (Robinson, Marion and Mitler, 1984). These viruses have been classified within the family Hepadnaviridae (Gust et al, 1986) and share the following properties: 1. 42-47 nm spherical double-shelled virion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Australia

Js¹,

Cossart²

1986

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Natural Duck Hepatitis B Virus (DHBV) infection has been studied in Australian ducks. Sera from 430 Pekin Aylesbury cross-bred ducks taken from three separate flocks were examined for duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA using a DNA dot hybridisation assay. In one flock there was significant infection with DHBV (98/140), but none was detectable in the other two flocks. Episomal DHBV DNA in liver tissue was demonstrated by gel blot hybridisation only in birds with DHBV DNA in serum. Polymerase-labelled DHBV DNA migrated as expected for linear double-stranded DNA 31 kilobase (kb) in length. Virus particles with characteristic DHBV morphology were observed in DHBV DNA-positive serum on electron microscopy. No overt morbidity has been noted in naturally infected ducks, but moderately severe hepatitis was found in 3/40 ducks examined histologically. These 3 ducks had DHBV DNA in serum and liver tissue. Mild hepatitis was observed in 27 ducks, but, in these, there was no correlation between the hepatitis and the presence of DHBV in serum or in liver tissue. This is the first report of DHBV in Australia. An animal model may now be established to study aspects of Hepadna virus infection which are pertinent to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease in man.

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“…antiviral inhibition ͉ core particles ͉ proofreading ͉ lamivudine͞3TC H epatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family characterized by small, circular, partially doublestranded DNA genomes that are replicated by reverse transcription (1). Chronic HBV infection causes hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and remains a significant health problem worldwide (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient pyrophosphorolysis by a hepatitis B virus polymerase may be a primer-unblocking mechanism

Urban

Fischer

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Effective antiviral agents are thought to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA synthesis irreversibly by chain termination because reverse transcriptases (RT) lack an exonucleolytic activity that can remove incorporated nucleotides. However, since the parameters governing this inhibition are poorly defined, fully delineating the catalytic mechanism of the HBV-RT promises to facilitate the development of antiviral drugs for treating chronic HBV infection. To this end, pyrophosphorolysis and pyrophosphate exchange, two nonhydrolytic RT activities that result in the removal of newly incorporated nucleotides, were characterized by using endogenous avian HBV replication complexes assembled in vivo. Although these activities are presumed to be physiologically irrelevant for every polymerase examined, the efficiency with which they are catalyzed by the avian HBV-RT strongly suggests that it is the first known polymerase to catalyze these reactions under replicative conditions. The ability to remove newly incorporated nucleotides during replication has important biological and clinical implications: these activities may serve a primer-unblocking function in vivo. Analysis of pyrophosphorolysis on chain-terminated DNA revealed that the potent anti-HBV drug ␤-L-(؊)-2 ,3 -dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine (3TC) was difficult to remove by pyrophosphorolysis, in contrast to ineffective chain terminators such as ddC. This disparity may account for the strong antiviral efficacy of 3TC versus that of ddC. The HBV-RT pyrophosphorolytic activity may therefore be a novel determinant of antiviral drug efficacy, and could serve as a target for future antiviral drug therapy. The strong inhibitory effect of cytoplasmic pyrophosphate concentrations on viral DNA synthesis may also partly account for the apparent slow rate of HBV genome replication.antiviral inhibition ͉ core particles ͉ proofreading ͉ lamivudine͞3TC H epatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family characterized by small, circular, partially doublestranded DNA genomes that are replicated by reverse transcription (1). Chronic HBV infection causes hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and remains a significant health problem worldwide (2). Designing antiviral drugs to combat HBV infection is impeded by a poor understanding of the parameters governing viral inhibition. Since currently effective antiviral drugs target the viral reverse transcriptase (RT; reviewed in ref.3), a detailed characterization of the HBV-RT catalytic mechanism is essential to understanding antiviral drug efficacy.The HBV-RT is a multifunctional enzyme with RNA-and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, RNase H, and proteinpriming activities (reviewed in ref. 4). Once translated, the RT binds the epsilon stem-loop structure of the pregenomic RNA template and, together with bound cellular factors, this replication holoenzyme complex is encapsidated within a coat composed of the viral core protein (5-7). All viral DNA synthesis catalyzed by the RT subsequently proceeds enclosed within these replicating c...

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Taxonomic Classification of Human Hepatitis B Virus

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

Evolution and Diversity of the Human Hepatitis D Virus Genome

Natural Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Australia

Efficient pyrophosphorolysis by a hepatitis B virus polymerase may be a primer-unblocking mechanism

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