“…Building on earlier work by Penrose (1959), the resource-based approach examines competition according to the resources the firm possesses (Wernerfelt, 1984) and the firm-specific resources lead to a firm's competitive advantages (Barney, 1991;Priem & Butler, 2001). If the firms are able to acquire and accumulate rare, valuable, non-substitutable and difficult to imtitate resources and capabilities, they achieve their competitive advantages (Barney, 1991;Mahoney, 1995).…”