“…Although Smallman & John (2001) claim that there is no substantial literature that directly links WHS performance with competitive advantage, other literature (Kjellen, Boe, & Hagen, 1997;Rechenthin, 2004) concluded a positive relationship between safety performance and sustainable competitive advantage in construction firms. Also, Muniz, Peon, Camilo, & Vazquez-Ordas (2009) found that quality WHS reduces accidents, increase employee productivity and motivation, as well as improve firm reputation, which are all assets that can provide firms with a sustainable competitive advantage.…”