Taurine and other Sulfur containing Amino Acids: Their Function in the Central Nervous System

Rassin, David K.; Gaull, Gerald E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4030-0_43

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The function of taurine in the CNS remains to be elucidated. Taurine has been suggested as an inhibitory neurohumoral agent on the basis of its biochemical and physiological properties but this role has not yet been established (Mandel and Pasantes-Morales, 1976; Oja and Lahdesmaki, 1976; Rassin and Gaull, 1978). Taurine is required to maintain the structural integrity of the photoreceptor cells in cat retina (Hayes et al, 1975; Schmidt et al, 1976), although this function has not been es-tablished in any other species to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism in the Developing Rhesus Monkey Brain: Subcellular Studies of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinic Acid Decarboxylase, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Rassin¹,

Sturman

Gaull³

1982

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Taurine, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were measured in subcellular fractions prepared from occipital lobe of fetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys. In addition, the distribution of [35S]taurine in subcellular fractions was determined after administration to the fetus via the mother, to the neonate via administration to the mother prior to birth, and directly to the neonate at various times after birth. CSAD, glutamate, GABA, and GAD all were found to be low or unmeasurable in early fetal life and to increase during late fetal and early neonatal life to reach values found in the mother. Taurine was present in large amounts in early fetal life and decreased slowly during neonatal life, arriving at amounts found in the mother not until after 150 days of age. Significant amounts of taurine, CSAD, GABA, and GAD were associated with nerve ending components with some indication that the proportion of brain taurine found in these organelles increases during development. All subcellular pools of taurine were rapidly labeled by exogenously administered [35S]taurine. The subcellular distribution of all the components measured was compatible with the neurotransmitter or putative neurotransmitter functions of glutamate, GABA, and taurine. The large amount of these three amino acids exceeds that required for such function. The excess of glutamate and GABA may be used as a source of energy. The function of the excess of taurine is still not clear, although circumstantial evidence favors an important role in the development and maturation of the CNS.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism in the Developing Rhesus Monkey Brain: Subcellular Studies of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinic Acid Decarboxylase, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Rassin¹,

Sturman

Gaull³

1982

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…The only known biochemical reaction of taurine in man is conjugation with bile acids [6,10], Although taurine has been suggested to function as a neurotransmitter or neuro modulator, its actual role as such has not been completely characterized [ 15,22], Thus, the functional significance of decreased plasma and urine taurine concentrations in both preterm [4] and term [17] infants who have received taurine-deficient formulas is uncertain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Taurine Metabolism in Beagle Pups: Effects of Taurine-Free Total Parenteral Nutrition

et al. 1981

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In beagle pups (from 5 to 84 days of age), plasma taurine concentration decreased between 5 and 21 days of age with no change thereafter; cerebral taurine concentration decreased throughout the period of study but cerebral taurine content increased between 5 and 21 days of age; hepatic taurine content (but not concentration) increased throughout. Both hepatic cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) activity and the concentration of taurine-conjugated bile acids of gallbladder bile increased during the period of study. Plasma and cerebral taurine pools were not affected by taurine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Hepatic taurine content also was not affected, but taurine concentration decreased; however, this change resulted from an increase in hepatic size. Hepatic CSAD activity of animals that received TPN was greater than that of 35-day control animals while the concentration of taurine-conjugated bile acids in the gallbladder bile was less. Although plasma taurine concentration was not affected by intravenous glucose therapy, both the hepatic taurine concentration and content of these animals were less than those of 35-day control animals. Cerebral taurine concentration and content of these animals, on the other hand, were greater. Hepatic CSAD activity of the animals that received only intravenous glucose was similar to that of controls, but the taurine-conjugated bile acid concentration in the gallbladder bile, like that of animals that received TPN, was less than that observed in 35-day control animals.

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Taurine in Development and Nutrition

Gaull

Rassin

1980

Novartis Foundation Symposia

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Taurine and other Sulfur containing Amino Acids: Their Function in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 11 publications

References 126 publications

Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism in the Developing Rhesus Monkey Brain: Subcellular Studies of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinic Acid Decarboxylase, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism in the Developing Rhesus Monkey Brain: Subcellular Studies of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinic Acid Decarboxylase, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

Development of Taurine Metabolism in Beagle Pups: Effects of Taurine-Free Total Parenteral Nutrition

Taurine in Development and Nutrition

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