Taste and smell perception affect appetite and immunity in the elderly

Schiffman, S. S.; Graham, BG

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601026

Cited by 250 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…This study is unusual in exploring zinc status in relation to taste sensitivity in healthy rather than a clinical sample. These findings, consistent with those derived from clinical studies, suggest that supplemented zinc or zinc-rich foods could compensate for and correct deficiencies associated with decline in the sense of taste and appetite associated with aging in healthy older people (Schiffman & Graham, 2000). Meanwhile, future research should focus upon salt taste, zinc status and food preference in healthy ageing.…”

Section: Psychological Parameterssupporting

confidence: 76%

Introduction to the ZENITH study and summary of baseline results

Coudray¹,

O’Connor

Maiani³

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Zinc is known to be essential for a great number of biochemical activities and physiological and cognitive functions. The objective of Zenith study was to investigate the effects of Zn, as a nutritional supplement, on psychological and behavioural factors and on surrogate markers that are indicative of trends towards better health in order to evaluate the need for dietary recommendations specific to the studied population. We report in this paper the summary of baseline results obtained before Zn supplementation.

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Section: Psychological Parameterssupporting

confidence: 76%

Introduction to the ZENITH study and summary of baseline results

Coudray¹,

O’Connor

Maiani³

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Consistent with this possibility is research suggesting that individuals with AN perceive tastes as less pleasurable (Szalay et al, 2010), although the research on this topic is again conflicting (Keating et al, 2012). If taste sensitivity is indeed reduced in AN, this could suggest that individuals with AN could benefit from interventions used to combat reduced taste sensitivity in other populations, such as introducing flavor‐enhanced foods into their diet to promote palatability and intake, or using zinc supplementation (Najafizade et al, 2013; Schiffman & Graham, 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, atypical taste sensitivity has been implicated in a number of negative outcomes relating to eating behavior. This includes a loss of taste in the elderly contributing to malnutrition, (Schiffman & Graham, 2000), and an association between low taste sensitivity and obesity (Overberg, Hummel, Krude, & Wiegand, 2012). It has been hypothesized that atypical taste processing may contribute towards the restricted eating behaviors seen in anorexia nervosa (Frank, Shott, Keffler, & Cornier, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste sensitivity in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Kinnaird

Stewart

Tchanturia

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveThere is evidence for altered processing of taste in anorexia nervosa, particularly in the areas of reward processing and hedonic sensitivity. However, research on whether people with anorexia nervosa identify taste stimuli accurately, known as taste sensitivity, has yielded mixed findings. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on taste sensitivity in this disorder to provide a basis for future discussion on whether altered taste sensitivity may be also implicated in wider atypical taste processing in anorexia.MethodElectronic databases were searched systematically to identify published research examining taste sensitivity in anorexia. Search terms were “anorexia nervosa”, or “eating disorder”, combined with “taste”. 18 studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe review of the findings suggest that individuals with AN may experience reduced taste sensitivity that may improve following recovery. However, there was a significant variability in results across studies, potentially reflecting methodological problems including low sample sizes, experimental designs, and uncontrolled confounding variables. Discussion: This review suggests that altered taste sensitivity could represent a component in the wider altered taste processing observed in anorexia nervosa. However, the heterogeneity of findings highlight the need for future research to consider methodological issues raised by this review.

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“…Perception of the hedonic qualities of food (its odor and taste) lessens when people get older due to physiological changes in smell and taste that occur with aging (Schiffman and Graham 2000). They result in food being less tasty and thus-less appreciated and consequently-affect food choice and limit type and amount of food eaten (Mulligan et al 2002).…”

Section: Decline Of Sensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

Wysokiński

Sobów

Kłoszewska

et al. 2015

AGE

188

148

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Many, even healthy, older people fail to adequately regulate food intake and experience loss of weight. Aging-associated changes in the regulation of appetite and the lack of hunger have been termed as the anorexia of aging. The etiology of the anorexia of aging is multi-factorial and includes a combination of physiological changes associated with aging (decline in smell and taste, reduced central and peripheral drive to eat, delayed gastric emptying), pathological conditions (depression, dementia, somatic diseases, medications and iatrogenic interventions, oral-health status), and social factors (poverty, loneliness). However, exact mechanisms of the anorexia of aging remain to be elucidated. Many neurobiological mechanisms may be secondary to age-related changes in body composition and not associated with anorexia per se. Therefore, further studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of the anorexia of aging should employ accurate measurement of body fat and lean mass. The anorexia of aging is associated with protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, functional deterioration, morbidity, and mortality. Since this symptom can lead to dramatic consequences, early identification and effective interventions are needed. One of the most important goals in the geriatric care is to optimize nutritional status of the elderly.

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Taste and smell perception affect appetite and immunity in the elderly

Cited by 250 publications

References 64 publications

Introduction to the ZENITH study and summary of baseline results

Introduction to the ZENITH study and summary of baseline results

Taste sensitivity in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review

Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging—a review

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