Task goals and change in dynamical degrees of freedom with motor learning.

Newell, Karl M.; Broderick, Michael; Deutsch, Katherine M.; Slifkin, Andrew B.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.2.379

Cited by 80 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The control mechanisms of both static and dynamic muscle contraction have been already studied extensively (Svendsen et al 2011;Janczyk et al 2009;Harbst et al 2000;Hu et al 2011). Isometric force control has been observed to be influenced by many extrinsic and intrinsic variables, including number, size and type of active muscles (Prodoehl and Vaillancourt 2010;Tracy 2007b), force intensity (Baweja et al 2009), training status (Enoka et al 1999), fatigue (Esposito et al 2009), age (Ofori et al 2010;Kennedy and Christou 2011;Schiffman et al 2002) and visual feedback characteristics (Newell et al 2003;Tracy 2007b). Visual feedback is an essential component when attempting to minimize force fluctuations and to hold force steady (Prodoehl and Vaillancourt 2010).…”

Section: Donementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual feedback absence on force control during isometric contraction

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Donementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual feedback absence on force control during isometric contraction

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Practice is expected to lead to a change in the average magnitude of such variables (commonly, maximize or minimize them) and a drop in their variability. Effects of motor learning on coordination within multi-element systems has been discussed within the classical Bernstein scheme of stages such as freezing and releasing degrees-of-freedom (Bernstein 1996;Vereijken et al 1992;Newell et al 2003). …”

Section: Implications For the Field Of Motor Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning effects on muscle modes and multi-mode postural synergies

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to explore the effects of practice on the composition of muscle groups (M-modes) and multi-M-mode synergies stabilizing the location of the center of pressure (COP). In particular, we tested a hypothesis that practice could lead to a transition from co-contraction muscle activation patterns to reciprocal patterns. We also tested a hypothesis that new sets of M-modes would form stronger synergies stabilizing COP location. Subjects practiced load release tasks for five days while standing on a board with a narrow support surface ("unstable board"). Their M-modes and indices of multi-M-mode synergies were computed during standing without instability and during standing on an unstable board before practice, in the middle of practice, and at the end of practice. During standing without instability, subjects showed two consistent M-modes uniting dorsal and ventral muscles of the body respectively (reciprocal modes). While standing on an unstable board, prior to practice, subjects commonly showed M-modes uniting muscle pairs with opposing actions at major leg joints -co-contraction modes. Such sets of M-modes failed to stabilize the COP location in the anterior-posterior direction. Practice led to better task performance reflected in fewer incidences of lost balance. This was accompanied by a drop in the occurrence of co-contraction M-modes and the emergence of multi-mode synergies stabilizing the COP location. We conclude that the central nervous system uses flexible sets of elemental variables (modes) to ensure stable trajectories of important performance variables (such as COP location). Practice can lead to adjustments in both the composition of M-modes and M-mode covariation patterns resulting in stronger synergies stabilizing COP location.

show abstract

“…5 Note that this has sparked decades of exciting work and debate in motor control. Although Bernstein's solution has, in many respects, become standard in broad strokes, how it is solved can be the subject of some debate (see, among many, Latash et al, 2007;Newell, Broderick, Deutsch, & Slifkin, 2003;Todorov & Jordan, 2002;Turvey, 2007).…”

Section: Summary Social Modulation and Multimodal Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%