Task Dissociation in Prospective Memory Performance in Individuals With ADHD

Abstract

Findings suggest a task-specific impairment in PM functioning and are discussed in an executive control framework of neurocognitive functioning in ADHD.

Effects of methylphenidate on memory functions of adults with ADHD

“…Nonmedicated patients with ADHD were found to have large impairments on multiple aspects of memory which exceeded their impairments of attention in severity (impairments of attention were of medium size). The severity of memory impairments of adults with ADHD were also stressed in previous studies on neuropsychological functions of patients with ADHD (Altgassen, Kretschmer et al, 2014;Muir-Broaddus et al, 2002;Seidman et al, 1998) and can presumably be explained by the high demand of these memory functions on executive control. Contrary to our expectations, however, intact abilities of adults with ADHD were found in working memory.…”

“…More recently, theoretical considerations and empirical research suggested that executive dysfunctions of adults with ADHD might also adversely affect memory functions of patients (Altgassen, Koch, & Kliegel, 2014;Altgassen, Kretschmer, & Kliegel, 2014;Fuermaier et al, 2014Fuermaier et al, , 2015Fuermaier, Tucha, Koerts, Aschenbrenner, Westermann, et al, 2013;Muir-Broaddus, Rosenstein, Medina, & Soderberg, 2002;Pollak, Kahana-Vax, & Hoofien, 2008;Seidman, Biederman, Weber, Hatch, & Faraone, 1998). For example, adults with ADHD have been shown to suffer from deficits of both the encoding of new information as well as the recall of stored information, whereas the retention of learned information & Routhieaux, 1995;Kliegel, McDaniel, & Einstein, 2000).…”

A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder

“… ABAS Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scale, DEX Dysexecutive Questionnaire, PRMQ Prospective Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, FSIQ Full scale IQ, NVIQ Non-verbal IQ, DCCS Dimensional Change Card Sort task, TMT Trail Making Task; WSCT Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, CARS Childhood Autism Rating Scale, ADOS-SC Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule social communication, ADOS-R Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule repetitive behaviour, N/A not applicable*Significant p < .05†Marginal significant p < .09; marginal and non-significant correlations are only included in the table if at least of moderate size (r ≥ .30) a Altgassen et al (2009) b Altgassen et al (2010) c Jones et al (2011): FSIQ partialled out d Altgassen et al (2012) e Williams et al (2013): ongoing task performance partialled out f Henry et al (2014) g Williams et al (2014): ongoing task performance partialled out h Yi et al (2014) i Sheppard et al (2016)No correlations were assessed in Altgassen et al (2014), Brandimonte et al (2011), and Kretschmer et al (2014)…”

“…No correlations were assessed in Altgassen et al (2014), Brandimonte et al (2011), and Kretschmer et al (2014)…”

“…Evidence for the distinction between time-based and event-based PM comes from (a) neuroimaging and lesion studies, which report that distinct sub-regions of the rostral prefrontal cortex underpin time-based vs. event-based PM (Burgess et al 2011) and that lesions to specific regions of the rostral prefrontal cortex impair one aspect of PM, but not the other (e.g., Volle et al 2011); (b) studies of development, which reveal different patterns of age-related improvement (in children) and decline (in older adults) in event-based vs. time-based PM (Henry et al 2004; Kliegel et al 2013); and (c) neuropsychology studies that indicate possible double-dissociations between these two types of PM (Altgassen et al 2014; Katai et al 2003). One of the crucial differences between event-based and time-based PM is the retrieval context.…”