Abstract:Aging and healthspan are determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) pathway is a key mediator of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. Specifically, DAF-2 signaling, an ortholog of human IGF, controls DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, a master regulator of metabolism and longevity. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are both linked to aging. We propose that daily supplementation of tart cherry extract (TCE), rich in anthocy… Show more
“…Many studies have focused on the anti-oxidant capacity of different plant extracts rich with anthocyanins. The vast majority of plant extracts rich in anthocyanins, such as extracts of purple wheat (Chen et al, 2013 ), acai berry (Peixoto et al, 2016 ), mulberry (Yan et al, 2017 ), purple pitanga fruit (Tambara et al, 2018 ), tart cherry (Jayarathne et al, 2020 ), and bilberry (Gonzalez-Paramas et al, 2020 ), which can play their beneficial role by increasing nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and promoting the expression of anti-oxidant genes, such as sod-3 , and the heat shock gene, hsp-16.2 , in its downstream. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and play important roles in the protection of molecular damage under environmental stress and have the ability to maintain proteostasis and prolong the longevity of organisms (Swindell, 2009 ).…”
Section: Anthocyaninsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…DAF-16 is a key protein for the anti-aging effects. Mechanistically, recent studies have found that anthocyanins could regulate the AAK-2/AMPK signaling pathway to perform its biological function (Jayarathne et al, 2020 ). aak-2 is the encoding gene of AMPK in nematodes.…”
Micronutrients extracted from natural plants or made by biological synthesis are widely used in anti-aging research and applications. Among more than 30 effective anti-aging substances, employing polyphenol organic compounds for modification or delaying of the aging process attracts great interest because of their distinct contribution in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is a profound potential for polyphenol extracts in the research of aging and the related diseases of the elderly. Previous studies have mainly focused on the properties of polyphenols implicated in free radical scavenging; however, the anti-oxidant effect cannot fully elaborate its biological functions, such as neuroprotection, Aβ protein production, ion channel coupling, and signal transduction pathways. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been considered as an ideal model organism for exploring the mechanism of anti-aging research and is broadly utilized in screening for natural bioactive substances. In this review, we have described the molecular mechanisms and pathways responsible for the slowdown of aging processes exerted by polyphenols. We also have discussed the possible mechanisms for their anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties in C. elegans from the perspective of different classifications of the specific polyphenols, such as flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and stilbenes.
“…Many studies have focused on the anti-oxidant capacity of different plant extracts rich with anthocyanins. The vast majority of plant extracts rich in anthocyanins, such as extracts of purple wheat (Chen et al, 2013 ), acai berry (Peixoto et al, 2016 ), mulberry (Yan et al, 2017 ), purple pitanga fruit (Tambara et al, 2018 ), tart cherry (Jayarathne et al, 2020 ), and bilberry (Gonzalez-Paramas et al, 2020 ), which can play their beneficial role by increasing nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and promoting the expression of anti-oxidant genes, such as sod-3 , and the heat shock gene, hsp-16.2 , in its downstream. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and play important roles in the protection of molecular damage under environmental stress and have the ability to maintain proteostasis and prolong the longevity of organisms (Swindell, 2009 ).…”
Section: Anthocyaninsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…DAF-16 is a key protein for the anti-aging effects. Mechanistically, recent studies have found that anthocyanins could regulate the AAK-2/AMPK signaling pathway to perform its biological function (Jayarathne et al, 2020 ). aak-2 is the encoding gene of AMPK in nematodes.…”
Micronutrients extracted from natural plants or made by biological synthesis are widely used in anti-aging research and applications. Among more than 30 effective anti-aging substances, employing polyphenol organic compounds for modification or delaying of the aging process attracts great interest because of their distinct contribution in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is a profound potential for polyphenol extracts in the research of aging and the related diseases of the elderly. Previous studies have mainly focused on the properties of polyphenols implicated in free radical scavenging; however, the anti-oxidant effect cannot fully elaborate its biological functions, such as neuroprotection, Aβ protein production, ion channel coupling, and signal transduction pathways. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been considered as an ideal model organism for exploring the mechanism of anti-aging research and is broadly utilized in screening for natural bioactive substances. In this review, we have described the molecular mechanisms and pathways responsible for the slowdown of aging processes exerted by polyphenols. We also have discussed the possible mechanisms for their anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties in C. elegans from the perspective of different classifications of the specific polyphenols, such as flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and stilbenes.
“…Changes during aging are often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. For the first time, we demonstrated that worms fed TC extracts exhibited increased mitochondrial spare respiration, and expression of uncoupling protein 4 and antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-3 [59]. Additional research is warranted both in mouse models and clinical studies to better understand the detailed molecular mechanisms of TC in aging and determine the most effective dose for human consumption.…”
Section: Role Of Tart Cherry (Tc) In the Prevention Of Obesity-related Inflammation And Life Span Extensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dietary antioxidants have potential roles in lowering oxidative stress associated with aging and chronic conditions [58]. We have recently reported that TC extract rich in anthocyanins with antioxidant activity increased lifespan in C. elegans mainly via insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) by regulating DAF-2 and DAF-16 expression, major components of the IIS pathway [59]. Changes during aging are often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.…”
Section: Role Of Tart Cherry (Tc) In the Prevention Of Obesity-related Inflammation And Life Span Extensionmentioning
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
“…E. coli DA837 and Bacillus simplex are intermediate food sources [39]. Additionally, several investigations reported that food sources that contain phytochemicals such as blueberry polyphenols [40], epigallocatechin gallate from tea [41], plant adaptogens [42], and tart cherry [43], among others, increase the life span of C. elegans.…”
Knowledge regarding complex radiation responses in biological systems can be enhanced using genetically amenable model organisms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the use of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a model organism to investigate radiation’s biological effects. Diverse types of experiments were conducted on C. elegans, using acute and chronic exposure to different ionizing radiation types, and to assess various biological responses. These responses differed based on the type and dose of radiation and the chemical substances in which the worms were grown or maintained. A few studies compared responses to various radiation types and doses as well as other environmental exposures. Therefore, this paper focused on the effect of irradiation on C. elegans, based on the intensity of the radiation dose and the length of exposure and ways to decrease the effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, we discussed several studies showing that dietary components such as vitamin A, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenol-rich food source may promote the resistance of C. elegans to ionizing radiation and increase their life span after irradiation.
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