Tarsius dianae: A New Primate Species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Niemitz, Carsten; Nietsch, Alexandra; Warter, S.; Rumpler, Y.

doi:10.1159/000156534

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Tarsier morning duet calls were digitally recorded using a Sony MZ-NH900 Hi-MD Walkman connected to a Røde NT3 condenser microphone and visualized using the Syrinx-PC (53) sound analysis software. The calls were classified on the grounds of qualitative traits given in the species descriptions (36,51). As a working hypothesis, taxonomic affiliation of individuals and a preliminary demarcation of the species boundary followed the tarsiers' acoustic characteristics (31).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating geological and biological processes underlying the diversification of Sulawesi tarsiers

Merker

Driller

Perwitasari-Farajallah

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Because of their exceptionally long independent evolution, a range diminution of their Eocene relatives, and a remarkable subsequent diversification in Southeast Asia, tarsiers are of particular importance to evolutionary primatologists. Little is known, however, on the processes shaping the radiation of these small enigmatic primates-especially on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, their center of endemism. Geological reconstructions and progress in applying DNA sequence information to divergence dating now provide us with the tools and background to comprehend tarsier dispersal. Here, we describe effects of plate-tectonic movements, Pleistocene sea level changes, and hybridization on the divergence of central Sulawesi tarsiers. We analyzed 12 microsatellites, the cytochrome b gene, the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial control region, and the sex-determining region on the Y-chromosome from 144 specimens captured along a transect crossing a species boundary and a contact zone between 2 microplates. Based on these differentially inherited genetic markers, geographic information, and recordings of vocalizations, we demonstrate that the species boundary coincides with a tectonic suture. We estimate the most recent common ancestor of the 2 taxa to have lived 1.4 Mya, we describe asymmetrical introgressive hybridization, and we give evidence of unbiased dispersal in one species and malebiased dispersal in another species. This study exemplifies that the distribution of tarsier acoustic forms on Sulawesi is consistent with the allocation of genetic variability and that plate-tectonic and glacial events have left traceable marks in the biogeography of this island's unique fauna.hybridization ͉ phylogeography ͉ plate tectonics ͉ primate ͉ SRY

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating geological and biological processes underlying the diversification of Sulawesi tarsiers

Merker

Driller

Perwitasari-Farajallah

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Shekelle et al (1997) and Groves (1998). Niemitz et al (1991) described a new species, T. dianae, from central Sulawesi, but they unfortunately neglected to compare the new taxon with a senior taxon from the region. Shekelle et al (1997) found the "T. dianae" duet form at the type locality of T. fuscus dentatus Miller and Hollister, 1821 (T. spectrum dentatus in Hill's (1955) combination), and suggested that the name dianae may be a junior synonym of dentatus.…”

Section: Taxonomic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tarsius dentatus Miller and Hollister, 1921 (a senior subjective synonym of T. dianae Niemitz et al, 1991): Central Sulawesi, northern and eastern portions of the central core, including Marantale (a few kilometers north of Labua Sore) on the east coast of the isthmus of Palu, Kamarora, Lake Poso, Ampana, Luwuk.…”

Section: Taxonomic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarsius tumpara: A New Tarsier Species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi

Shekelle

Groves

Merker

et al. 2008

Primate Conservation

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“…Niemitz et al [4] have recently identified T. dianae in Kamarora, central Sulawesi, as distinct from T. spectrum. This species can be distinguished from the spectral tarsier on the basis of numerous characteristics of the ear, pelage and vocalization patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Status of the Spectral Tarsier Tarsier spectrum: Population Density and Home Range Size

Gursky¹

1998

IJFP

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As part of a larger study of the behavioral ecology of the spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum, a population census was conducted. A modified form of the fixed point count and quadrat census methods was conducted within a 1-km² area in Tangkoko Dua Saudara Nature Reserve, in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. In 25 one-hectare plots, 14 groups were located, containing a total of 39 individuals. Therefore, the mean number of groups per ha was 0.56 and the mean number of individuals per ha was 1.56. The number of groups for the entire sampled area (100 ha) was calculated to be 56, while the total population within the sampled area was calculated to be 156 (i.e. 156/km²). Group size, defined as the number of individuals sharing a sleeping site, varied from 2 to 6 individuals. Group composition varied from 1 adult of each sex to 1 adult male and 2 adult females and their offspring. Fourteen percent of groups contained more than 1 adult female. In one of the groups with two adult females, both females gave birth to infants. The home ranges of 13 individuals, obtained using radio telemetry, were between 1.6 and 4.1 ha, with an average size of 2.3 ha for females and 3.1 ha for males. Results from this study indicate that spectral tarsiers are still relatively abundant at Tangkoko Dua Saudara Nature Reserve. Nonetheless, the limited geographic distribution of this species, the lack of information on its relative abundance in other areas of its range, as well as the high rate of habitat disturbance throughout its range, suggests that the conservation status of the spectral tarsier should be changed from indeterminate to vulnerable.

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Tarsius dianae: A New Primate Species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Elucidating geological and biological processes underlying the diversification of Sulawesi tarsiers

Elucidating geological and biological processes underlying the diversification of Sulawesi tarsiers

Tarsius tumpara: A New Tarsier Species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi

Conservation Status of the Spectral Tarsier Tarsier spectrum: Population Density and Home Range Size

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