Tarnishing (Ag<sub>2</sub>S) Layer on Silver-Plated Electrical Contacts: Its Influence on Electrical Contact Resistance

Alderete, Bruno; Mücklich, Frank; Súarez, Sebastián

doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2023.3238672

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The slope of the fitted curve corresponds to the n factor in Eq. ( 2 ), where R t is the total resistance, F is the force applied, and the numerator is a constant value that incorporates resistivity and hardness of the materials in question, as well as the influence of any surface contaminants present 41 . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Alderete,

Mücklich,

Suarez

2024

Sci Rep

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The piezoresistive effect of materials can be adopted for a plethora of sensing applications, including force sensors, structural health monitoring, motion detection in fabrics and wearable, etc. Although metals are the most widely adopted material for sensors due to their reliability and affordability, they are significantly affected by temperature. This work examines the piezoresistive performance of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) bulk powders and discusses their potential applications based on strain-induced changes in their resistance and displacement. The experimental results are correlated with the characteristics of the nanoparticles, namely, dimensionality and structure. This report comprehensively characterizes the piezoresistive behavior of carbon black (CB), onion-like carbon (OLC), carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT-D), graphite flakes (GF), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The characterization includes assessment of the ohmic range, load-dependent electrical resistance and displacement tracking, a modified gauge factor for bulk powders, and morphological evaluation of the CNP. Two-dimensional nanostructures exhibit promising results for low loads due to their constant compression-to-displacement relationship. Additionally, GF could also be used for high load applications. OLC’s compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates, however, for high load it tends to stabilize. CNH could be applicable for both low and high loading conditions since its compression-to-displacement relationship fluctuates in the mid-load range. CB and CNT show the most promising results, as demonstrated by their linear load-resistance curves (logarithmic scale) and constant compression-to-displacement relationship. The dispersion process for CNT is unnecessary, as smaller agglomerates cause fluctuations in their compression-to-displacement relationship with negligible influence on its electrical performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Alderete,

Mücklich,

Suarez

2024

Sci Rep

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“…The GW and JG parameters calculated via the numerical analysis for bronze electrodes are shown in table 6. As with brass, the standard deviation of surface and asperity heights correlate with the method employed to texture the counter electrodes.…”

Section: Bronzementioning

confidence: 97%

“…This deeper understanding can, in turn, enable the prediction of behavior in different systems by extrapolating the data from this study. Therefore, the contacting situations were evaluated via two methods: 1) via a slope analysis method, as described by Tamai et al [1,2,6], and 2) via the calculation of the plasticity index, followed by GW and JG model, accordingly [10, 12-14, 19, 20]. The former allows a fast and simple method to predict deformation and conduction mechanisms, whereas the latter is a more robust statistical method that models the contacting surfaces.…”

Section: Contact Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the value of n, the deformation mechanism of the system can be predicted. When n takes a value of −1/3 or −2/3, elastic deformation is predominant in the system, whereas plastic deformation is predominant when n is equal to −1/2 or −1 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefrom, the slope analysis can provide insight into the predominant resistance type: constriction or film resistance [2,6,7,9]. When n takes a value of −1/3 or −1/2 it was established that the constriction resistance dominates the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of topography on electrical contact resistance of copper-based materials

Alderete

Nayak

Muecklich

et al. 2023

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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The design of an electrical contact is crucial to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and efficiency of connectors. One key aspect is the surface quality of the contacting bodies – among other factors such as material selection, contact geometry, etc. In this work, we evaluated the influence on electrical contact resistance (ECR) of a smooth copper-based surface (brass, bronze, and tin-plated copper) when contacted against surfaces with different degrees of roughness. Furthermore, a carbon nanotube (CNT) coating was proposed with the goal of mitigating the topography-induced influence of the textured counter electrodes. The electrodes and counter electrodes were thoroughly characterized to understand the contacting mechanisms through numerical modeling, – namely, Greenwood-Williamson and Jackson-Green models – as well as using a practical-oriented slope analysis. Load-dependent ECR measurements were carried out to quantify the effect of roughness on contact resistance. When contacting against brass and bronze, a clear correlation between roughness and ECR can be established, with higher roughness equating to lower ECR. In tin-plated copper, on the other hand, this hierarchy is not as well defined due to the ease with which the tin plating deforms, thus enabling the penetration of outstanding asperities and consequently establishing a better electrical contact. CNT-coated counter electrodes showed promising results, partially confirming the hypothesis proposed. However, unforeseen topography-related interactions with the CNT coating produced exceptions in the ECR measurements. Nonetheless, for most cases studied the coating did mitigate the influence of roughness.

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Graphene-enhanced silver composites for electrical contacts: a review

Yuan,

Fu,

2024

J Mater Sci

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Tarnishing (Ag₂S) Layer on Silver-Plated Electrical Contacts: Its Influence on Electrical Contact Resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Influence of topography on electrical contact resistance of copper-based materials

Graphene-enhanced silver composites for electrical contacts: a review

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Tarnishing (Ag2S) Layer on Silver-Plated Electrical Contacts: Its Influence on Electrical Contact Resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Evaluating the effect of unidirectional loading on the piezoresistive characteristics of carbon nanoparticles

Influence of topography on electrical contact resistance of copper-based materials

Graphene-enhanced silver composites for electrical contacts: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Tarnishing (Ag₂S) Layer on Silver-Plated Electrical Contacts: Its Influence on Electrical Contact Resistance