Targeting synovial neoangiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis

Tetraspanin CD82 affects migration, attachment and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts

“…Interestingly, cell-matrix adhesion and binding to EC were reduced by CD82 overexpression, suggesting a reduced potential for RASF-attachment to EC in local vessels. The increased expression of CD82 in the vascular wall and its close proximity22 suggests a role of CD82 in vascular activation including synovial neoangiogenesis 40…”

Morin Exerts Anti‐Arthritic Effects by Attenuating Synovial Angiogenesis via Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor‐γ

“…Excessive angiogenesis promotes leukocyte infiltration and therefore fosters synovial inflammation. On the other hand, infiltrated macrophages, immune cells, and other inflammatory cells produce angiogenic factors that further induce vascular pannus ingrowth in joints . Therapeutic approaches targeting synovial angiogenesis are a promising additive strategy for the management of RA in refractory patients.…”

“…Morin (3,5,7,2 ,4 -pentahydroxyflavone, Figure 1) is a bioflavonoid that exists in many herbal medicines such as Morus alba L. (Moraceae) and Otostegia persica (Lamiaceae). [8] It is also an ingredient of common foods such as figs, apples, onions, tea, and cereal grains.…”

Recent Advances in Nanotheranostics for Treat‐to‐Target of Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Angiogenesis occurs at the early stage of RA and often leads to inflammatory infiltration and proliferation of synovial, which will ultimately cause gradual erosion of cartilage and even underlying bone 99. It actively participates in the inflammatory process by supplying oxygen and nutrients to the proliferating RA synovium and also enhances adhesion and recruitment of inflammatory cells to synovitis areas, accelerating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines 100.…”

“…In inflammatory joints, increased angiogenesis leads to discontinuity of inflammatory endothelial cells and enhanced vascular permeability, which helps the nanocarriers at appropriate size penetrate into inflammatory endothelial cells, providing a new direction for the design of nanodrug systems 101. Indeed, there are an increasing number and density of synovial blood vessels in RA, which are required to supply the expansion of synovial tissue and to develop the hyperplasic and invasive nature of RA synovium 99. The higher level of G6PI has been found in both synovial tissue and synovial fluid of RA patients.…”