Targeting inflammatory signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder: a promising approach

Bhatt, Shvetank; Anitha, Kuttiappan; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Mukherjee, Dhrubojyoti; Shilpi, Satish; Suttee, Ashish; Gupta, Gaurav; Singh, Thakur Gurjeet; Dua, Kamal

doi:10.1007/s11011-023-01314-3

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…We did not include animal studies in our analysis, as they replicate OCD models and are predominantly based on serotonergic and dopaminergic systems (Alonso et al, 2015;Grados et al, 2016). This topic of inflammation in OCD and associated disorders has also been the subject of recent reviews (Bhatt et al, 2023;Gagliano et al, 2023;Kamble & Dandekar, 2023;Marazziti et al, 2023;Vreeland et al, 2023), underscoring its relevance and the ongoing discourse in the scientific community.…”

Section: Infl Ammati On In O CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis‐based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation

Coelho,

Salvi,

Vieira

et al. 2024

J of Neuroscience Research

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 2%–3% of the global population. Despite the availability of several treatments, many patients with OCD do not respond adequately, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have associated various inflammatory processes with the pathogenesis of OCD, including alterations in peripheral immune cells, alterations in cytokine levels, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that inflammation could be a promising target for intervention. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t‐PBM) with near‐infrared light is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has shown potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in OCD remains to be fully explored. This study aimed to review the literature on inflammation in OCD, detailing associations with T‐cell populations, monocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome components, microglial activation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, CRP, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. We also examined the hypothesis‐based potential of t‐PBM in targeting these inflammatory pathways of OCD, focusing on mechanisms such as modulation of oxidative stress, regulation of immune cell function, reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, deactivation of neurotoxic microglia, and upregulation of BDNF gene expression. Our review suggests that t‐PBM could be a promising, noninvasive intervention for OCD, with the potential to modulate underlying inflammatory processes. Future research should focus on randomized clinical trials to assess t‐PBM's efficacy and optimal treatment parameters in OCD. Biomarker analyses and neuroimaging studies will be important in understanding the relationship between inflammatory modulation and OCD symptom improvement following t‐PBM sessions.

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