Targeting gut microbiota in aging-related cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on the mechanisms

Abstract

The global population is aging and age-related cardiovascular disease is increasing. Even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, readmission and mortality rates remain high. In recent years, more and more in-depth studies have found that the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect the occurrence and development of age-related cardiovascular diseases through a variety of molecular pathways, providing a new target for therapy. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and age-related cardiovascular diseases, and propose that the gut microbiota could be a new therapeutic target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.

Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data

“…Moreover, ageing also affects microbiota, particularly gut microbiota, and is associated with microbiome disturbance, named dysbiosis, which is characterized by a shift in microbiota populations and the loss of diversity [8,190]. Indeed, ageing-induced dysbiosis has been associated with the development of several diseases such as lung diseases [191], cardiovascular diseases [192], glaucoma [193] and neurological disorders [194].…”

Comparative analysis of pectin and prebiotics on human microbiota modulation in early life stages and adults

“…16 Moreover, microbial metabolism can influence susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases by converting dietary phosphatidylcholine into trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO), a recognized pro-atherosclerotic compound. 1,20 The imbalance in the presence of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria coupled with an exacerbated immune response to tissue injury may culminate in chronic inflammation and the progression of these intestinal diseases, comprising inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Chron's disease), celiac disease, and colon cancer. 5…”

Molecular Aspects of Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Etiopathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Targets

“…It also clearly points to the possibility of modulating the development of CMDs by specific beneficial metabolites derived from bacteria. It should also be mentioned that changes in gut bacteria and their metabolites are linked to age-related heart disease; manipulating the gut microbiome could be a novel therapeutic approach for preventing or treating this condition in older populations [ 23 ]. Thus, understanding the role of gut microbiota in the development of CVDs might open new roads of cardioprotection through dietary supplements called biotics.…”