Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

Abstract

The combination of magnetic nanoparticles with a porous silica is a composite that has attracted significant attention for potential multifunctional theranostic applications. In this study, 30 wt % CuFe2O4 was impregnated into a matrix of monodispersed spherical hydrophilic silica (HYPS) nanoparticles through a simple dry impregnation technique. The chemotherapy drug cisplatin was loaded through electrostatic equilibrium adsorption over 24 h in normal saline solution. The presence of cubic spinel CuFe2O4 on HYPS was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis) analysis. The HYPS particles showed a surface area of 170 m2/g, pore size of 8.3 nm and pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g. The cisplatin/CuFe2O4/HYPS nanoformulation showed the accumulation of copper ferrite nanoparticles on the surface and in the pores of HYPS with a surface area of 45 m2/g, pore size of 16 nm and pore volume of 0.18 cm3/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping analysis showed the presence of homogeneous silica particles with nanoclusters of copper ferrite distributed on the HYPS support. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis of CuFe2O4/HYPS showed paramagnetic behavior with a saturated magnetization value of 7.65 emu/g. DRS UV–vis analysis revealed the functionalization of cisplatin in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination in the CuFe2O4/HYPS composite. Compared to other supports such as mesocellular foam and silicalite, the release of cisplatin using the dialysis membrane technique was found to be superior when CuFe2O4/HYPS was applied as the support. An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the potential of CuFe2O4/HYPS as an anticancer agent against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The results show that the nanoparticle formulation can effectively target cancerous cells and could be an effective tumor imaging guide and drug delivery system.

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“…The use of copper ferrites (CuFe 2 O 4 ) is advantageous due to excellent conductive and magnetic properties [100] (Figure 35). Therefore, it was shown [101] that micrometer-sized spherical silica exhibited a very high magnetization of 1.44 emu/g [102] when impregnated 30 wt.% of CuFe 2 O 4 in the matrix of monodisperse spherical hydrophilic silica (HYPS). The accumulation of copper ferrite nanoparticles on the surface and in the pores of HYPS was confirmed and cisplatin was subsequently loaded by adsorption.…”

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“…Absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at wavelength 570 nm using a Stat FaxR 4200 plate reader (Awareness Technology, Inc., FL, USA). 41 Cell viability were calculated as percentage of control and the concentration that inhibits 50% of maximum cell proliferation were determined and expressed as IC 50 using Graph Pad Prism 5 software (Graph Pad software Inc, CA, USA).…”

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“…MTT Assay: MCF -7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma) cell was collected from NCCS (National Center for Cell Sciences), Pune, India. The viability of cancer cells were measured by direct observation of cells inverted phase contrast microscope and adopted by MTT assay, which can be used to identify the viability of nano-particle treated cells 12,13 .…”

“…β_hkl cosθ_hkl=kλ/D+4εsinθ_hkl------- (12) Where D is the average crystallite size from W-H plot and micro strain can be represented as Ԑ. Micro strain is the measurement of the concentration of defects in the sample 19 . Table 1.…”

“…The antibacterial activity of ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was studied against gram negative E. coli bacterial strain using agar well diffusion method. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against E. coli and displayed nearly uniform inhibition rate (10)(11)(12) at different annealing temperature in high concentrations such as 500 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL. The zone of inhibition was represented in mm Fig.…”